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This article aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the evolution of human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), tracing their historical development to the ongoing monitoring initiatives today. As we delve into the core of the discussion, a critical examination will be conducted to assess the alignment between the SDGs and human rights. The focal point will be a nuanced exploration of whether these two frameworks are in sync or if there are discernible deviations and potential conflicts of goals between them. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, the SDGs will be systematically categorized into distinct clusters, enabling a clearer illustration of their compatibility or divergence from human rights principles. By breaking down the SDGs into specific thematic areas, we aim to shed light on both the areas where alignment is evident and those where disparities with human rights may exist. This comparative approach seeks to enhance our understanding of the interconnectedness and potential tensions between the SDGs and human rights. Moreover, the exploration will not only highlight the points of convergence but also delve into the complexities of ensuring a harmonious coexistence between these two vital frameworks. By examining the interplay of human rights principles with the diverse goals encapsulated within the SDGs, this article endeavors to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the broader implications for global development and social justice. In summary, this expanded article aspires to offer readers a more detailed exploration of the interrelationships between human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals, navigating through the clusters of SDGs to unveil areas of agreement and potential divergence. Through this analysis, we seek to foster a deeper appreciation for the complexities of aligning diverse global goals with fundamental principles of human dignity and equality.

The goal of this contribution is to provide an overview of the conceptual connections between the constructs of human rights, sustainability, and democracy, emphasizing the historically significant role of human dignity. This overview serves as an overarching introduction to the students’ articles in Chapter One, which explore selected relationships between these concepts. One main assumption of this overview is that the concept of human dignity is central to the institution of human rights, and human rights are instrumental in ensuring human dignity. Another key assumption relates to democracy, which is viewed as the framework for shaping human dignity, human rights, and sustainability. This article first focuses on the relationship between sustainability and democracy. It then analyzes the links between human dignity and human rights, followed by a discussion on the connections between human dignity and sustainability, and between human rights and sustainability. Finally, it concludes with an examination of the triangle formed by human dignity, human rights, and sustainability within the context of democracy, emphasizing the crucial roles of human agency and the rights of nature. Clarifying these links is essential for future empirical research to develop specific practical recommendations for sustainability transformation, including human rights, within a democratic context.

The achievement of sustainable development hinges on safeguarding the environment, preserving natural resources, and fostering economic growth that is intricately linked with responsible resource utilization. In simpler terms, sustainable development is contingent upon maintaining environmental sustainability. Conversely, Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need for global peace, justice, and robust institutions, aiming to uphold the rule of law and facilitate access to justice on a worldwide scale. Addressing environmental conflicts is an integral facet of environmental sustainability and a crucial component of ensuring access to justice. The escalating environmental challenges stemming from the relentless growth of the global population and the insufficient global adoption of renewable energy resources have significantly impacted the environment, leading to a corresponding surge in environmental conflicts. Given the considerable diversity in the judicial systems of nations worldwide and the often inefficacious nature of these systems, there arises a pressing need to reconsider and reconstruct effective alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, especially concerning their role in environmental conflicts. However, it is essential to acknowledge that Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR) come with their own set of barriers and drawbacks. This paper delves into a comprehensive examination and analysis of the role played by ADR methods in addressing environmental disputes. It assesses the effectiveness of these methods and conducts research to identify the factors that contribute to their success or failure.

In recent years, a paradigm shift in environmental ethics has given rise to a groundbreaking concept granting legal rights to nature itself. As the global community grapples with escalating environmental challenges, select nations have taken unprecedented steps to acknowledge nature as a subject with inherent rights, transcending the conventional view of the environment as mere property. This term paper dives into the evolving landscape of environmental jurisprudence by exploring the inclusion of nature's rights in the constitutional frameworks of Ecuador, Bolivia, New Zealand, Colombia and India. Through a comparative analysis of these distinct cases, we unravel the diverse approaches these countries have adopted to recognize and protect the rights of nature, examining the legal, cultural, and ecological implications of this transformative concept. From the constitutional enshrinement of Pachamama's rights in Ecuador to the legal personification of the Whanganui River in New Zealand, this paper sheds light on the global movement for the rights of nature and its potential impact on environmental conservation and societal harmony.

The paper, written by Maxi-Mercedes Jahn, is in particular about the use of glyphosate as the unique pesticide product provided for aerial aspersion. She discusses the forced eradication of more than 800 thousand hectares of coca in Colombia in 10 years, between 2012 and 2022, while discussing the reasons behind an increase in cultivation during this period. Circumstances may be dynamic, but the lack of state presence and for an effective land distribution have been some of the determinants to this problem. In 2019, drug trafficking revenues reached 31 billion of Colombian pesos, or 2.9 percent of the GDP. The business has remained healthy and thriving. Yet, the glyphosate supporters remain firm. Literature review reveals a lack of significant scientific debate on the efficacy of glyphosate as the best method for eradicating coca plantations. The use of glyphosate raises not only environmental concerns but also geopolitical issues, affecting conflict resolution and peacebuilding attempts. Coca cultivation is a viable business, it offers benefits such as more frequent harvests and reliable markets, enabling farmers to improve their income and living conditions in a relatively short term. Unlike other crops, coca does not require formal and legal export market. For example, while 14 kilos of Chontaduro (palm tree fruit) earn about 30 thousand Colombian pesos, a kilo of coca paste can cost 2 million pesos. This disparity highlights why substitution schemes are ineffective when drug revenues far exceed legal alternatives. The author’s insights into these often-overlooked factors contribute significantly to the discussion. She also addresses the Colombia-FARC peace agreement, which included comprehensive crop substitution policies, but progress has been minimal. It can even be said that increase in coca cultivation directly correlates with unmet agreement commitments. As well as other issues that are highlighted in the paper. The author notes that cartels have developed new methods to produce more cocaine with fewer plants, complicating government efforts. It also discusses the impact of technological advancements and the political complexities behind eradication policies. Back to the glyphosate issue, which it thorough in the paper, it mentioned that glyphosate negatively impacts that are usually not reported in mainstream media, like destroying soil organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae, which are crucial for soil health and fertility. Farmers have reported adverse effects from glyphosate, including skin irritations that lead to permanent scars and vision problems. Reports also indicate that some farmers were mistakenly targeted during glyphosate applications, leading to the loss of their crops and livelihoods. This discussion underscores how the use of glyphosate, while intended for public health purposes, infringes on human rights and affects the lives of those in the impacted areas. Finally, the author makes a really interesting survey through the German Basic Law referring a few lessons for the Colombian case. The constitution orders the state to protect natural resources and life through prevention of harm, defense against threats, and risk assessment. The author highlights the balloon effect, linking deforestation, cattle ranching, coca production, violence, and displacement. More interestingly, she describes how glyphosate use exacerbates soil exhaustion and raises agricultural costs due to increased fertilizer and pesticide use. Additionally, she provides compelling information stating that spraying one hectare of coca can cost more than 50 thousand Colombian pesos, suggesting deeper issues, such as the influence of glyphosate producers in the overall transaction. The author concludes that broader goals of social justice, environmental stewardship, and sustainable rural development are needed. However, the discussion leaves unresolved questions about the environmental impact of glyphosate use. It emphasizes that the relationship between communities and their environment is complex, involving diverse, interdependent processes that go beyond the immediate effects of eradication efforts.

With her paper "Artisanal fisheries in circumstances with political framework and co-management" Dorothea Hensing discusses the high productivity of pelagic fish in the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem (HCLME) and how it is impacted by factors such as acidification and oxygen depletion due to global warming. This ecosystem, rich in marine life, faces significant challenges exacerbated by extreme weather events like El Niño and La Niña, profoundly impact the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen, creating economic instability. Despite these adversities, artisanal fisheries remain crucial contributors to Peru‘s GDP. However, their sustainability and financial stability are compromised by various factors, including the lack of institutional support and the prevalence of informal practices within the industry. Informality permeates aspects such as labor relations and vessel construction, consequently affecting workers' rights, their financial stability and rendering them vulnerable. Fishing communities, such as the one in Chorillos, are complex socio-ecological systems reliant on social capital, but they are susceptible to external influences. Political dimensions further complicate the scenario, necessitating the establishment of effective co-management mechanisms, artisanal fisheries' inclusion in decision-making processes, a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem threats, and policy reforms to address informality. The author demonstrates the importance of strengthening governance and decision-making processes to address institutional flaws and protect the marine ecosystems and livelihoods of artisanal fishermen in Peru.

Over forty years ago, physicist and deep ecologist Capra indicated: "Ecosystems sustain themselves in a dynamic balance based on cycles and fluctuations, which are nonlinear processes. Linear enterprises, such as indefinite economic and technological growth will necessarily interfere with the natural balance and, sooner or later, will cause severe damage. Ecological awareness, then, will arise only when we combine our rational knowledge with an intuition for the nonlinear nature of our environment. Such intuitive wisdom is characteristic of traditional, non-literate cultures, [...] in which life was organized around a highly refined awareness of environment." Since then, natural ecosystems are being pushed beyond their limits with human societies confronting unprecedented challenges like climate change, species extinctions and pollution. Various approaches like ecological restoration, conservation, renewable energies and car sequestration have been deployed to tackle the global ecological crisis. Yet, a crucial element remains largely overlooked: integrating local and traditional ecological knowledge as well as indigenous perspectives with modern western science to foster environmentally sustainable solutions. This student research paper explores how the concept of traditional ecological knowledge is defined in science, law and policy literatures and what contribution place-based communities such as the artisanal fishery of Chorrillos can serve for improving cooperative environmental and natural resources management. The method applied aims to evaluate existing literature, synthesizing ideas, and critically analyzing the status quo. Subsequently, the paper will provide recommendations for integrating ecological traditional knowledge in legal frameworks and practice through sound policy aimed at sustainable development.

In the last decades, the development of the rights of nature has become a significant issue in various parts of the world. This emerging approach views nature not only as a resource for human use, but as a value in its own right that must be protected and respected. Over the last years the discussion about a rights for nature have also increased in Germany. This paper takes a look at the current state of the debate on natural rights in Germany. The first part gives an overview about the current status of natural rights all over the world. The second part deals with the rights of nature in Germany and how these have developed in recent years, for example through the citizens' initiative in Bavaria, which addresses the rights of nature and makes them the subject of a referendum. The third part deals with the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court. This decision in March 2021 on the issue of climate protection marked a significant milestone in the context of the global climate crisis and finally the class action lawsuit.

The following collection of manuscripts emerged from an interdisciplinary virtual exchange held during the Winter semester of 2023/2024 at the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, organized by Prof. Dr. Milena Valeva and Prof. Dr. Kathrin Nitschmann. Additionally, Prof. Dr. Héctor Bombiella Medina, a lecturer of anthropology in the Department of World Languages and Cultures at Iowa State University, contributed to the virtual exchange and supervised case studies 3 and 4, bringing his extensive experience in this field and facilitating the international exchange. Within the elective module on Human Rights, students from the Bachelor's programs "Nonprofit and NGO Management" and "Environmental and Business Law," as well as the Master's program "Energy and Corporate Law," explored the interconnections between human rights and sustainability. In an era marked by unprecedented environmental challenges and profound social transformations, the intersection of human rights and the rights of nature has emerged as a critical area of inquiry and debate. Today, as we face the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, the traditional boundaries between human and environmental rights are increasingly blurred. This confluence demands a fresh, interdisciplinary approach to understanding and addressing the complex and interrelated issues at hand. Human rights, fundamental to the dignity and freedom of individuals, are deeply impacted by environmental degradation. Communities worldwide are experiencing firsthand the devastating effects of polluted air, contaminated water, and deforested landscapes, all of which undermine basic human rights to health, livelihood, and well-being. Conversely, recognizing the rights of nature — the intrinsic value of ecosystems and species — challenges us to reconsider our legal, ethical, and philosophical frameworks. It calls for a paradigm shift from a view to one that embraces the interconnectedness of all life forms. Engaging in robust discussions and research on these topics is essential in today's context. By exploring interdisciplinary perspectives, we can forge innovative solutions that honor both the rights of individuals and the integrity of nature. This special issue aims to contribute to this vital discourse, providing insights and fostering dialogue on how we can collectively navigate the complex landscape of human rights and environmental sustainability. The first chapter „Human rights and SDGs in the context of democracy“ examines the significance of international human rights in today's context and links them to new value systems like sustainability. The second chapter, the case study „Rights of Nature“ explores the concept of granting legal rights to nature itself by comparing laws from various countries to show how it combats environmental exploitation. The third chapter, the case study „Traditional coca leaf consumption and drug trafficking in Colombia“ delves into the complex issues surrounding coca cultivation in Colombia, highlighting its economic, social, and political impacts. The fourth chapter, the case study „The artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos, Peru“ aims to provide theoretical insights and recommendations for improving the livelihoods of artisanal fishing communities in Peru, considering legal, ethical, and environmental perspectives as well as how economic liberalization, privatization, and deregulation affect the community's socio-economic conditions. Content: CHAPTER 1 - Conceptual: Human rights and SDGs in the context of democracy Milena Valeva: From Human Dignity and Human Rights to Sustainability within the context of Democracy Yannick Sebastian Wagner: The relationship between the SDGs, human rights, and Catholicism in the United States, on health-related issues Christine Wetter: Comparison of Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals Jacob Mayer: The challenges and opportunities of liberal democracies in promoting international value systems Pauline Nicolay: Effective conflict resolution through ADRs: opportunities, challenges and applications in different contexts CHAPTER 2 - Case Study: Rights of Nature Kathrin Nitschmann: Ecology and the protection of fundamental rights: status quo and development potential in the light of the precautionary principle" Johannes Hagemann: Decoding the Environmental Crisis: A Historical Analysis of Human-Nature Relationships Sahar Mallak: Rights for Nature in selected states Nergiz Dogan: Rights for Nature in Germany CHAPTER 3 - Case Study: Traditional coca leaf consumption and drug trafficking in Colombia Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina: Prologue Cara-Maxine Heyd: Affected Human Rights by the destruction of coca plantations Maxi-Mercedes Jahn: Glyphosat[e] use in line with the peace policy Colombia Daniel Förster: Coca Cultivation in Colombian Economy – Considering the 2007 US-Colombian Free Trade Agreement CHAPTER 4 - Case Study: The artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos Peru Dorothea Hensing: Artisanal fisheries in circumstances with political framework and comanagement Nina Giordano: Traditional ecological knowledge – a key element of sustainable development Yasmin Krami: Strategy to promote the Human Right to an adequate standard of living for Peruvian artisanal fishers according to Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Schools are complex physical and social institutions within national education systems. They account for significant energy consumption and like other buildings can demonstrate inefficient patterns of energy use. Poor energy performance of educational facilities is an intricate issue driven by complex causality of interconnected and dynamic factors. Addressing this issue requires a systemic approach, which is heretofore lacking. The aim of this research is to present and describe a systemic framework to facilitate energy reduction in schools across different European contexts. This transdisciplinary approach to sustainable energy use has been piloted in 13 post-primary schools located in six countries in northwest Europe. The research implements a series of planned activities and interventions, which help to unveil a systemic approach to improving energy efficiency in schools. The findings demonstrate how this approach, together with its ensuing methodologies and strategies, can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and improve knowledge and awareness around sustainable energy.

Model transformations are central to model-driven software development. Applications of model transformations include creating models, handling model co-evolution, model merging, and understanding model evolution. In the past, various (semi-)automatic approaches to derive model transformations from meta-models or from examples have been proposed. These approaches require time-consuming handcrafting or the recording of concrete examples, or they are unable to derive complex transformations. We propose a novel unsupervised approach, called Ockham, which is able to learn edit operations from model histories in model repositories. Ockham is based on the idea that meaningful domain-specific edit operations are the ones that compress the model differences. It employs frequent subgraph mining to discover frequent structures in model difference graphs. We evaluate our approach in two controlled experiments and one real-world case study of a large-scale industrial model-driven architecture project in the railway domain. We found that our approach is able to discover frequent edit operations that have actually been applied before. Furthermore, Ockham is able to extract edit operations that are meaningful—in the sense of explaining model differences through the edit operations they comprise—to practitioners in an industrial setting. We also discuss use cases (i.e., semantic lifting of model differences and change profiles) for the discovered edit operations in this industrial setting. We find that the edit operations discovered by Ockham can be used to better understand and simulate the evolution of models.

Terrestrial cyanobacteria grow as phototrophic biofilms and offer a wide spectrum of interesting products. For cultivation of phototrophic biofilms different reactor concepts have been developed in the last years. One of the main influencing factors is the surface material and the adhesion strength of the chosen production strain. In this work a flow chamber was developed, in which, in combination with optical coherence tomography and computational fluid dynamics simulation, an easy analysis of adhesion forces between different biofilms and varied surface materials is possible. Hereby, differences between two cyanobacteria strains and two surface materials were shown. With longer cultivation time of biofilms adhesion increased in all experiments. Additionally, the content of extracellular polymeric substances was analyzed and its role in surface adhesion was evaluated. To test the comparability of obtained results from the flow chamber with other methods, analogous experiments were conducted with a rotational rheometer, which proved to be successful. Thus, with the presented flow chamber an easy to implement method for analysis of biofilm adhesion was developed, which can be used in future research for determination of suitable combinations of microorganisms with cultivation surfaces on lab scale in advance of larger processes.

Background: Physiotherapy education and practice have country-specific peculiarities which may limit globalization in health care. This study aimed to characterize physiotherapy practice and treatment preferences, educational qualifications, and research in Nigeria, with a view of providing vital information for transnational integration and collaboration. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 104 Nigerian physiotherapists was conducted. The Physical Therapy Practice Questionnaire and a self-developed proforma were used as survey tools. Results: The mean age of respondents was 33.5 ± 9.4 years. About two-fifth of all respondents (39.4%) had an MSc and mostly practice as clinicians (51.0%) in teaching hospitals (34.6%). The respondents were mostly involved in general practice (50.0%), with a caseload of 1–10 patients per day (67.3%). Soft tissue mobilization (83%), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (76%), breathing exercises (77%), and transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation (83%) were commonly used. Respondents were familiar databases and evidence-based resources (81.2%) and mostly utilize PubMed (73.3%). Regular case conferences with professional colleagues (47.6%) and treatment planning of between 11 and 30 min (40.6%) were common. Educators spend 1–3 h planning educational work (91.8%). Clinical decision-making is mostly based on professional experience, while journals are the primary resource for educational information. Conclusion: Physiotherapy practice in Nigeria is degree based and requires registration board’s licensure. Practitioners deal with a high caseload and utilize a wide range of techniques and modalities and have tendencies to utilize personal experience and research in making clinical decisions. The parity in education and practice with advanced climes inadvertently gives physiotherapy practice in Nigeria a global purview.

The objective of the German non-profit association NFDI (German short form for ”National Research Data Infrastructure”) is to make the data stock of the entire German science system accessible to the public. To do so, it should involve all stakeholders. However, currently the Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) are underrepresented in the NFDI, and there is a danger of neglecting their needs. Therefore, we present the project ”Research Data Management at Universities of Applied Sciences in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate” (FDM@HAW.rlp), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and financed within the Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union. In the project, seven public UAS in Rhineland-Palatinate and the Catholic University of Applied Sciences (CUAS) Mainz follow a common goal: They intend to establish an institutional RDM within a period of three years by building up competencies at the UAS, setting up services for researchers and finding solutions for a common technical infrastructure.

Die Umbenetzungsagglomeration bietet die Möglichkeit einer Trennung nach zwei Partikeleigenschaften. Hierbei wird nach den Benetzungseigenschaften des Feststoffs in Bezug zur Suspensions- und Bindeflüssigkeit getrennt und nach der Größe. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die Reinheit der entstehenden Graphitagglomerate in einer Mischung mit Quarzsand gravimetrisch zu bestimmen und diese mit den Benetzungseigenschaften zu korrelieren. Die Güte dieser Ergebnisse wird mit einer Mikroröntgentomographie (µ-CT) untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Quarzsand mit Paraffinöl nicht benetzen lässt und somit Reinheiten von 99,5 % bis 99,9 % erreicht werden, was das Ergebnis der µ-CT bestätigt. Einen Einfluss der Partikelgröße des Quarzsandes konnte im untersuchten Bereich nicht bestätigt werden.

This research conducted a probabilistic life-cycle assessment (pLCA) into the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance of nine combinations of truck size and powertrain technology for a recent past and a future (largely decarbonised) situation in Australia. This study finds that the relative and absolute life-cycle GHG emissions performance strongly depends on the vehicle class, powertrain and year of assessment. Life-cycle emission factor distributions vary substantially in their magnitude, range and shape. Diesel trucks had lower life-cycle GHG emissions in 2019 than electric trucks (battery, hydrogen fuel cell), mainly due to the high carbon-emission intensity of the Australian electricity grid (mainly coal) and hydrogen production (mainly through steam–methane reforming). The picture is, however, very different for a more decarbonised situation, where battery electric trucks, in particular, provide deep reductions (about 75–85%) in life-cycle GHG emissions. Fuel-cell electric (hydrogen) trucks also provide substantial reductions (about 50–70%), but not as deep as those for battery electric trucks. Moreover, hydrogen trucks exhibit the largest uncertainty in emissions performance, which reflects the uncertainty and general lack of information for this technology. They therefore carry an elevated risk of not achieving the expected emission reductions. Battery electric trucks show the smallest (absolute) uncertainty, which suggests that these trucks are expected to deliver the deepest and most robust emission reductions. Operational emissions (on-road driving and vehicle maintenance combined) dominate life-cycle emissions for all vehicle classes. Vehicle manufacturing and upstream emissions make a relatively small contribution to life-cycle emissions from diesel trucks (<5% each), but these are important aspects for electric trucks (5% to 30%).

The research program “Engineered Artificial Minerals (EnAM)” addresses the challenge of recycling valuable elements from battery waste streams. These elements, such as lithium (Li), often migrate in the slag phase, in some cases as crystals. EnAM crystals represent concentrated reservoirs of these elements, which can only be effectively recycled if they are extracted from the slag matrix and then separated. Selective wet agglomeration is a separation process based on a three-phase system and is often used in coal and ore processing. The produced agglomerates in this process can be easily separated from the remaining suspension. The precise quantification of the wetting properties and adhesion strength between suspended particles and binding liquid droplets is a scientific challenge. An accurate technique suitable for adhesion force measurements in three-phase systems with micrometer-scale particles is Fluidic Force Microscopy (FluidFM®). An experimental setup with optical control is being developed to measure adhesion forces between droplets and flat/rough surfaces. This will enable precise measurements of adhesion forces between solid EnAM crystals and binding liquid droplets. Based on these measurements, optimal agglomeration conditions can be selected in the future to improve selective wet agglomeration with respect to recycling processes.

Hydrological variability is a key factor in structuring biotic and abiotic processes in river ecosystems and is of particular importance to fish populations. We used 171 hydrological indices (HI) and young-of-the-year (YOY) fish abundances as indicators of reproductive success to compare species' response patterns to high and low flows on short-, intermediate-, and long-term scales. Our study included 13 common fish species in headwater streams of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Generalized linear models using YOY abundances and HI on high- and low-flow patterns explained on average 64 % of the variability. HI calculated from long time series worked better than HI describing short- and intermediate-term high- and low flows. Species' reproductive success response to low flow HI depended on specific ecological traits whereas high flow HI differentially affected species according to their life history strategies. Equilibrium strategists responded negatively to high frequency and magnitude along with late timing of high flow, while periodic and opportunistic species mostly thrived under these conditions. We identified four species traits that mediated these differences between life history strategies. The reproductive success of species with low relative fecundity, large eggs and larvae, and long incubation periods was negatively impacted by the high frequency, high magnitude, and late timing of high flows. Conversely, the reproductive success of species with high relative fecundity, short incubation periods and small eggs and larvae was fostered by strong, frequent, and late high flows. The consideration of the relationship between reproductive success, life history, and fish species traits over several years under a range of flows is a novel step towards the implementation of measures to mitigate negative impacts and enhance conditions for successful fish reproduction.

More and more universities are recognizing their role model and creative function in society and are acting accordingly - also in terms of mobility. In this way, universities can make an important contribution to climate protection, as mobility is responsible for more than 20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The GreenMetric ranking also takes the area of mobility into account via the Transportation category, which is weighted at 18%. This paper uses the example of the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld at Trier University of Applied Sciences, Germany, to show what opportunities universities in rural areas have to reduce transportation-related emissions of students and employees. The possibilities of avoiding transportation as well as different solutions for the reduction of transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions are discussed. Furthermore, conflicts of objectives inherent to the university system in the area of mobility are considered, especially in the area of internationalization.

In the past decade, research on measuring and assessing the environmental impact of software has gained significant momentum in science and industry. However, due to the large number of research groups, measurement setups, procedure models, tools, and general novelty of the research area, a comprehensive research framework has yet to be created. The literature documents several approaches from researchers and practitioners who have developed individual methods and models, along with more general ideas like the integration of software sustainability in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, or science communication approaches to make the resource cost of software transparent to society. However, a reference measurement model for the energy and resource consumption of software is still missing. In this article, we jointly develop the Green Software Measurement Model (GSMM), in which we bring together the core ideas of the measurement models, setups, and methods of over 10 research groups in four countries who have done pioneering work in assessing the environmental impact of software. We briefly describe the different methods and models used by these research groups, derive the components of the GSMM from them, and then we discuss and evaluate the resulting reference model. By categorizing the existing measurement models and procedures and by providing guidelines for assimilating and tailoring existing methods, we expect this work to aid new researchers and practitioners who want to conduct measurements for their individual use cases.

Additive manufacturing is an essential tool in innovative production processes. The extended degrees of freedom offer much potential in usage, construction, and product design. Rising raw material and energy costs, constantly increasing environmental requirements, and the increasing demand for resource-saving products represent a paradigm shift in classic production processes. In addition to the purely energetic evaluation, developing energy models is a method to determine energy consumption and reduce it in the long term. The specific energy consumption model, also known as the SEC model, allows a quick estimation of energy consumption by multiplying the SEC with a unit like the mass of the workpiece, the manufacturing time, or the exposed area. Here, high dependence on the used machine, the considered peripheral devices, and the geometry are noticeable. Previous studies, such as those by Kellens et al. and Baumers et al., have laid the basis for understanding the energy demands of PBF-LB/M processes. Various energy models have subsequently been proposed, including those by Paul and Anand, Yi et al., Lv et al., and Hui et al. These models are often limited by their specificity to sub-processes or subsystems. This results in limitations in their applicability to other manufacturing machines or inaccuracies in energy consumption predictions. The simulation accuracy ACC is mostly in the range of 90% with the limitation of small sample sizes. Moreover, nearly, all these models rely heavily on process time information, making the accuracy of their simulations largely dependent on the quality of the underlying time model. In the following study, two manufacturing machines of the PBF-LB/M process are analyzed and compared with other studies. The aim is to analyze the power and resource consumption to use these data to build an improved energy model with a high accuracy, which can be used as an additional parameter in the adapted design methodology. Furthermore, potential savings are derived from the load curves.

This study introduces novel measures to quantify periods of market inefficiency, enabling precise analysis of their evolution over time and effective comparisons across markets or groups of markets. These measures are applied to an extensive dataset comprising stock indices from 25 European countries from 2007 to 2022. The empirical findings reveal a 20% increase in market inefficiency across Europe, primarily driven by heightened average inefficiencies in the stock markets of the group of developed European countries such as Germany and the Scandinavian countries.

Background: The environmental impact of electric scooters has been the subject of critical debate in the scientific community for the past 5 years. The data published so far are very inhomogeneous and partly methodologically incomplete. Most of the data available in the literature suffer from an average bias of 34%, because end-of-life (EOL) impacts have not been modelled, reported or specified. In addition, the average lifetime mileage of shared fleets of e-scooters, as they are operated in cities around the world, has recently turned out to be much lower than expected. This casts the scooters in an unfavourable light for the necessary mobility transition. Data on impact categories other than the global warming potential (GWP) are scarce. This paper aims to quantify the strengths and weaknesses of e-scooters in terms of their contribution to sustainable transport by more specifically defining and extending the life cycle assessment (LCA) modelling conditions: the modelling is based on two genuine material inventories obtained by dismantling two different e-scooters, one based on a traditional aluminium frame and another, for the first time, based on plastic material. Results: This study provides complete inventory data to facilitate further LCA modelling of electric kick scooters. The plastic scooter had a 26% lower lifetime GWP than the aluminium vehicle. A favourable choice of electric motor promises a further reduction in GWP. In addition to GWP, the scooter's life cycles were assessed across seven other impact categories and showed no critical environmental or health impacts compared to a passenger car. On the other hand, only the resource extraction impact revealed clear advantages for electric scooters compared to passenger cars. Conclusions: Under certain conditions, scooters can still be an important element of the desired mobility transition. To assure a lifetime long enough is the crucial factor to make the electric scooter a favourable or even competitive vehicle in a future sustainable mobility system. A scooter mileage of more than 5400 km is required to achieve lower CO2eq/pkm emissions compared to passenger cars, which seems unlikely in today's standard use case of shared scooter fleets. In contrast, a widespread use of e-scooters as a commuting tool is modelled to be able to save 4% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the German mobility sector.

Purpose – The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the food tourism industry, leading to business closures and a drop in demand. In response to this challenge, virtual food tourism experiences such as VR have emerged as an alternative to traditional in-person experiences. Aim of this paper is to model consumer adoption of virtual food tourism by integrating the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Self-determination Theory. Methodology/Design/Approach – The Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains the process of innovation adoption, while the Self-determination Theory focuses on consumer motivation. This article proposes that intrinsic (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and extrinsic (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability) motivating factors influence virtual food tourism adoption. Findings – The study suggests that extrinsic motivators can act as mediators between intrinsic motivation and adoption intention. Integrating these two theories provides a comprehensive understanding of the motivations and mechanisms driving virtual food tourism adoption. It also paves the way for the exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and specific mechanisms underlying adoption behaviours. Originality of the research – Destinations, businesses, and policy makers can better navigate the changing landscape of food tourism and leverage the potential of virtual food tourism to create engaging, accessible, and culturally enriching experiences.

Background: Stratified models of care are valuable for addressing psychosocial factors which influence the outcome of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Introducing such models in undergraduate training has the potential to propagate this knowledge with evidence and foster its implementation. The objective of this paper is to explore the perception and changes in the fear-avoidance beliefs of physiotherapy students participating in a developed blended learning course on stratified care. Methodology: A mixed-methods with a convenient sample of two consecutive cohorts were given a blended learning course on stratified care for patients with low back pain. The blended learning course comprised scientific rudiments and application of stratified care in clinical practice conceptualised using the KERN’ 6-step approach. The exam scores, perceptions, performance on self-reflection-tests and pre- and post-scores on The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Physiotherapists’ (TSK-PT) were obtained. After gaining clinical experience, participants were invited to discuss their clinical experiences and perceptions in workshops. The quantitative data was analysed explorative-descriptively. The qualitative data was analysed following an inductive coding system with constant comparisons. Results: Ninety-one participants consented to the evaluation (mean age = 22.9 ± 1.6 years), 66% were female. Exam scores correlated with time spent in training (r = 0.30) and scores on self-reflection-tests 1 and 2 (r = 0.40 and r = 0.41). Participants in both cohorts described the learning resources as promoting their interest in the subject (72% and 94%), up-to-date (91% and 93%) and helpful (91% and 97%). The fear-avoidance scores for participants decreased from 53.5 (± 9.96) to 40.1 (± 12.4) with a large effect size (d = 1.18). The regression model [F (2, 49) = 1151.2, p < 0.001] suggests that pre-TSK-PT and the interest of participants in the training predicted post-TSK-PT. The workshop participants (n = 62) all worked in clinical practice. Emerging from the analysis were 4 categories (evolving to maturity in practice, perceiving determinants of stratified care, strategising for implementation and adopting an outlook for future practice). Conclusion: The quality of engagement in learning, training strategy and interest in the subject contributes immensely to learning outcomes. This blended learning course was successful in reducing kinesiophobia and influencing the participants’ attitude towards care with the potential of being translated into long-term practice.