Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2021 (40) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (40)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- nein (40)
Schlagworte
- Logistik (4)
- Nachhaltigkeit (4)
- Digitalisierung (3)
- Electronic Commerce (3)
- Gesundheitswesen (3)
- sustainability (3)
- Agilität <Management> (2)
- City-Logistik (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Kinderarbeit (2)
- Lieferservice (2)
- Magnetisches Trennverfahren (2)
- Paketdienst (2)
- Pflegepersonal (2)
- Prozessmanagement (2)
- Radar (2)
- Social Media (2)
- Stadt (2)
- Supply Chain Management (2)
- Wertschöpfungskette (2)
- challenges (2)
- child labour (2)
- e-commerce (2)
- ethics (2)
- high-gradient magnetic separation (2)
- last-mile delivery (2)
- logistic solution (2)
- logistics (2)
- mRNA-Impfstoff (2)
- magnetic beads (2)
- urban logistic (2)
- 24 GHz ISM-band (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 3D-Druck (1)
- AI techniques (1)
- APA 7 (1)
- Agglomerieren (1)
- Agilität (1)
- American Psychological Association (APA) (1)
- Angewandte Ethik (1)
- Anleihe (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Arbeitskräftemangel (1)
- Arbeitskultur (1)
- Arbeitssicherheit (1)
- Astrozyt (1)
- Atmung (1)
- Atomkrieg (1)
- Autofahren (1)
- Automation (1)
- Bachelorarbeit (1)
- Bauprojekt (1)
- Bauvorhaben (1)
- Bevölkerungsentwicklung (1)
- Big Data (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Bodenertrag (1)
- Bodenwert (1)
- Budgetierung (1)
- Business Intelligence (1)
- Business-Continuity-Management (1)
- Business-to-Consumer (1)
- CO2-Bilanz (1)
- COP21 (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Carrier (1)
- China (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Corporate Social Responsibility (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Cyanobakterien (1)
- Deere & Company (1)
- Demenz (1)
- Demokratische Republik Kongo (1)
- Deontologie (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Dienstleistungsbetrieb (1)
- ESG (1)
- Einkauf (1)
- Einwanderung (1)
- Einzelhandel (1)
- Elektrizitätshandel (1)
- Elektrode (1)
- Elektrokortikogramm (1)
- Energiemarkt (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Entscheidungsfindung (1)
- Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem (1)
- European perch (1)
- FMCW-Radar (1)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (1)
- Fermentation (1)
- Fertigung (1)
- Flachs (1)
- Flussbarsch (1)
- Flüssigkristalline Polymere (1)
- Frühwarnsystem (1)
- GHG accounting and reporting (1)
- Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle (1)
- Gel (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Genetischer Algorithmus (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geste (1)
- Gesundheitspolitik (1)
- Green Bonds (1)
- Grundrente (1)
- Gummi (1)
- Gummiherstellung (1)
- Herausforderungen (1)
- Herz (1)
- ISM <Frequenzbereich> (1)
- Industrie (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Industrieroboter (1)
- Interkulturalität (1)
- Internet (1)
- Kapitalertrag (1)
- Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (1)
- Kniegelenk (1)
- Kommunikationspolitik (1)
- Kooperation (1)
- Kooperation externer Dienstleister (1)
- Korpus <Linguistik> (1)
- Kraftfahrzeugindustrie (1)
- Krankenhaus (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kunde (1)
- Künstliche Beatmung (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- Land (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laser-Rastermikroskopie (1)
- Lean Management (1)
- Leinsamen (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MBBR (1)
- Mangel (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Marketinginstrument (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Masterarbeit (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle (1)
- Menschenrechtsverletzung (1)
- Multimodalität (1)
- Möbelbranche (1)
- Möbelindustrie (1)
- Mündliche Kommunikation (1)
- NIR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Nahrungskette (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Nichtverbale Kommunikation (1)
- Nullemission (1)
- OCT (1)
- Omnichannel (1)
- Online-Marketing (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optische Kohärenztomografie (1)
- Parasit (1)
- Patient (1)
- Patientenüberwachung (1)
- Pellet (1)
- Penicillium (1)
- Penicillium sp. (1)
- Perca fluviatilis (1)
- Pflanzlicher Schleim (1)
- Photoreaktor (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Produktionsfaktor (1)
- Projektmanagement (1)
- Projektplanung (1)
- Projektsteuerung (1)
- Proteaseinhibitor (1)
- Public Health (1)
- Robotik (1)
- SAFe <Informatik> (1)
- SME (1)
- SMEs (1)
- Samsung Co. Ltd. (1)
- Seminararbeit (1)
- Sitzen (1)
- Sozialmedizin (1)
- Streaming <Kommunikationstechnik> (1)
- Stückliste (1)
- Süßwasser (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Thailand energy transition (1)
- Tieftemperaturchemie (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Transport (1)
- Umweltökonomie (1)
- Unbeabsichtigter Atomkrieg (1)
- Universität (1)
- Unternehmen (1)
- Unternehmensethik (1)
- Unterstützungssystem <Informatik> (1)
- Utilitarismus (1)
- VentAI (1)
- Vibroarthrographie (1)
- Visuelle Kommunikation (1)
- Volkseinkommen (1)
- Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung (1)
- X-ray microtomography (1)
- Zero-base budgeting (1)
- Zitat (1)
- Zitieren (1)
- Zitierregelwerk (1)
- Zitiersystem (1)
- agglomeration (1)
- agile Vertragsvarianten (1)
- agile contract variants (1)
- agility (1)
- agriculture manufacturing (1)
- anti-essentialism (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- auction mechanism (1)
- automotive sector (1)
- biocarrier (1)
- biofilm (1)
- brain-computer interface (1)
- business agility (1)
- business continuity management (1)
- business ethics (1)
- business intelligence (1)
- capital income (1)
- carbon footprinting (1)
- carbon offsetting (1)
- carrier (1)
- communication (1)
- consumer behavior (1)
- cooperation external service providers (1)
- corporate social responsibility (1)
- corpus annotation (1)
- corpus transcription (1)
- cortical stimulation (1)
- critically-ill patient (1)
- cryogel (1)
- cryostructuration (1)
- cultural innovation (1)
- cultural perception (1)
- culture (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- data-oriented business process (1)
- de-agglomeration (1)
- decentralized electricity trading (1)
- decision (1)
- decision support systems (1)
- dementia (1)
- deontology (1)
- developments (1)
- diet specialization (1)
- digital and social media (1)
- digital disruption (1)
- driver-assisting system (1)
- driving performance (1)
- dynamic rheology (1)
- e-commerce live streaming (1)
- early warning systems (1)
- electrocorticogram (1)
- energy impacts (1)
- entrepreneurship (1)
- essentialism (1)
- eye fluke (1)
- fermentation (1)
- flaxseed mucilage (1)
- food web (1)
- furniture industry (1)
- galactomannan (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- gestures (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- ground rent (1)
- health policy (1)
- health services administration & management (1)
- heartbeat (1)
- higher education institutions (1)
- human-machine interaction systems (1)
- in vivo two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (1)
- industrial development (1)
- industry 4.0 (1)
- inferencing (1)
- intercultural teams (1)
- intuition (1)
- knee joint sound (1)
- knowledge-intensive process (1)
- land (1)
- land income (1)
- land value (1)
- lean management (1)
- liquid crystal polymer electrodes (1)
- local energy market (1)
- mRNA-based vaccines (1)
- mRNA-vaccines (1)
- microstructure (1)
- mobility as a service (1)
- mobility impacts (1)
- multimodality (1)
- muscle fatiguing exercise (1)
- national accounts (1)
- national income (1)
- near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- neue Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- neuron-glia interaction (1)
- new conditions (1)
- new media marketing (1)
- nonverbal elements (1)
- nuclear war (1)
- nursing care (1)
- nursing staff (1)
- observation (1)
- omnichannel (1)
- ontology (1)
- opportunities (1)
- optical coherence tomography (1)
- pandemic (1)
- parasite (1)
- parcel delivery (1)
- parcel shipping (1)
- peer-to-peer (1)
- pellets (1)
- per capita carbon footprint (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- process mining (1)
- production factor (1)
- protease inhibitor (1)
- public health (1)
- purchasing (1)
- radar (1)
- rationality (1)
- reasons (1)
- reinforcement learning algorithm (1)
- respiration rate (1)
- rheological behaviour (1)
- robots (1)
- scaled agile framework (1)
- seated patient (1)
- shortage (1)
- single-use application (1)
- single‐use bioreactor (1)
- social media (1)
- social medicine (1)
- solution approaches (1)
- spoken discourse (1)
- stable isotope analysis (1)
- structure conformation properties (1)
- supply chain management (SCM) (1)
- supply chain network (1)
- supply chain network optimization (1)
- supply chain processes (1)
- surveys (1)
- sustainable delivery (1)
- synergism (1)
- transport (1)
- trends (1)
- unintended nuclear war (1)
- university carbon footprint (1)
- university sustainability (1)
- utilitarianism (1)
- value chain (1)
- value streams (1)
- ventilation (1)
- vibroarthrography (1)
- video-mediated communication (1)
- warm-up exercise (1)
- work cultivation (1)
- zero emission university (1)
- zero-based-budgeting (1)
- µCT (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Übung (1)
Institut
E-commerce live streaming - An emerging industry in China and a potential future trend in the world
(2021)
With the widespread use of the Internet, many industries have developed rapidly. The economy based on the Internet poses a significant threat to the traditional economy. Live streaming plus e-commerce, which is acknowledged as the current global economic status, is the result of combing live streaming and various industries through the Internet. E-commerce live streaming is one of the most essential types of online live streaming. In this article, it is defined as the live streaming of the e-commerce platform used by Key Opinion Leaders or product sellers through the built-in live streaming function of the platform to propagate goods, brands, events, etc. to achieve goals of brand exposure and product sales. Compared with the traditional economic model, the combined model of e-commerce and live streaming has its advantages and characteristics. This kind of marketing tool is now prevalent. However, there are many deficiencies in e-commerce live streaming that need to be improved since the development of e-commerce is immature and supervision of Internet use is ongoing.
Agility and digital trends go hand in hand, but the advantages of digitalization perform a high pressure on the established automotive companies. For years now, automotive groups have no longer been innovation drivers in the industry. This status is reserved for radical companies like Tesla. But is there any chance that conservative companies will reinvent themselves, establish leaner structures and thus regain market dominance and innovation?
Unternehmen verlassen sich bei der Entwicklung von Software und Lösungen häufig auf das Know-How externer Dienstleister. Moderne Arbeits- und Kollaborationsformen verändern gleichzeitig die Entwicklung von Produkten und Dienstleistungen. Wie beeinflussen diese Trends die Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation zwischen Unternehmen und ihren externen agilen Dienstleistern? Ziel dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist es herauszufinden, welche Schritte unternehmen müssen, um agiles Arbeiten und die Zusammenarbeit mit externen Dienstleistern umzusetzen. Daher wurde anhand einer Fallstudie inklusive einer qualitativen Befragung herausgefunden und aufgezeigt, welche Maßnahmen und Handlungen Unternehmen ergreifen müssen, um das Ziel einer effektiven Umsetzung einer agilen Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation zu erreichen. Drei Kernthemen wurden identifiziert, auf deren Grundlage die Forschungsfragen zu den Maßnahmen beantwortet werden: Erstens, welche Möglichkeiten Unternehmen haben, ein internes agiles Setup zu implementieren, um mit agilen Dienstleistern auf Augenhöhe zusammenzuarbeiten. Zweitens, welche Vertragsvarianten die agile Zusammenarbeit unterstützen und verbessern können und drittens, welche agilen Techniken und Methoden in der agilen Zusammenarbeit eingesetzt werden sollten. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudien bestätigen die Annahme, dass die drei identifizierten Kernthemen für eine effektive Zusammenarbeit im agilen Umfeld essenziell sind. Während einerseits nachgewiesen wurde, dass sich die Vertragsanforderungen hinsichtlich ihrer Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit veränderten, wurde andererseits auch nachgewiesen, dass das interne Setup agile Treiber, Techniken und Methoden erfordert, um eine effektive Zusammenarbeit mit agilen Dienstleistern zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Inhalte innerhalb der drei genannten Kernthemen und gibt Unternehmen zudem Hinweise, wie sie eine Basis für eine effektive Zusammenarbeit schaffen können.
Objective: The objective of the article highlight the significance of culture in the entrepreneurial landscape and provides entrepreneurs and (project) managers with a guidance tool to overcome previously unconsidered stumbling blocks while operating in the intercultural setting.
Research Design & Methods: The following article was prepared based on a critical study review devoted to existing approaches to intercultural impact in business life and used the archival technique from 1990-2020. The study review reflects on the identification of existing literature gaps in the implementation of a subcultural business environment. It addresses these by designing an appropriate model to bypass the apparent pitfalls of intercultural business communication and co-existence, if possible.
Findings: Culture impacts diverse sets of society and businesses, including entrepreneurship. This article underpins which pitfalls are advisable to consider when encountering the intercultural and entrepreneurship-driven workplace.
Implications & Recommendations: Based on the study review, startups, as well as big corporate companies’ projects of a creational nature, are advised to reconsider their perception and handling of culture applying The Building of Cultural and Entrepreneurial Force.
Contribution & Value Added: The added value of this article is to be found in the solid analysis of cultural essentialism, anti-essentialism, and implications to beware of in the managerial and entrepreneurial context related to The Building of Intercultural and Entrepreneurial Force that intends to ease to co-work of intercultural teams.
This text will explain which role “Green Bonds” play in financing projects and how the green factor is weighted. It will be discussed on how the term “green” can change the price of the bond, if there is a “green premium” and for which group of investors this type of bond is interesting. We will discuss ways to reduce their cost of capital, also considering the risks and on ways on how to improve their conditions. The sustainable and eco-friendly aspects are also highlighted in this text and they might become crucial in future investing, which gives the bond an interesting role.
Purpose: Grounded in the theoretical concepts of utilitarianism and deontology, this paper aims to evaluate the issue of child labour from an ethics perspective. By linking utilitarianism with normative stakeholder theory, relevant stakeholder groups are being identified in order to examine their influence on and role in the occurrence of child labour allowing for a practical reference. The findings may serve companies in particular as a basis for decision-making in the development of their value chains.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The author uses a literature review in order to analyze the findings of existing literature on the topic of child labour in an ethics context, thereby drawing on literature, indexed in Web of Science and Google Scholar by employing forward and backward citation analysis.
Findings: The investigation of child labour in terms of ethics yields conflicting results. From a deontological perspective, child labour can never be ethical and should always be rejected as it is not wanted to become a general law. In contrast, according to a utilitarian sentiment, child labour is ethically justifiable as long as the beneficiaries of the labour are greater in number than the children working or suffering.
Originality/Value: The examination of child labour from the perspective of deontology and utilitarianism in conjunction with normative stakeholder theory constitutes a novelty in the ethics literature. The integration of theoretical findings into a practical business context provides additional value for managers and global supply chain managers.
The dark side of Samsung’s value chain: The human costs of cobalt mining “BLOOD, SWEAT AND COBALT”
(2021)
Samsung has been implicitly linked to human rights abuses and wider social downgrading propagated within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Reports by different studies have shown artisanal cobalt mines (ASM) to exploit child labour and subject workers to perilous conditions. The IT multinational is dependent upon Congolese cobalt as a key element in lithiumion batteries used to produce their array of electronics. However, irresponsible cobalt sourcing practices undertaken by Tier 1 suppliers, Glencore and Huayou, have resulted in ASM operations being incorporated into Samsung’s global value chain, as Tier 2 suppliers. Analysis of the relationships underpinning Samsung’s cobalt value chain theoretical framework, highlights the presence of a relational governance structure, with captive elements among upstream Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. Samsung is thereby reliant upon both Glencore and Huayou to transmit and enforce private codes of conduct down the value chain to expel human rights abuses. In conjunction, the DRC’s weak and unstable institutional environment has facilitated corruption and the improper enforcement of laws across the ASM industry. It is thereby imperative that Samsung takes ownership of the issues present within its value chain, as both Tier 1 suppliers and the Congolese government have failed to ensure responsible cobalt sourcing practices to date. This report recommends that Samsung adopt a holistic action plan, not only utilising their own resources and capabilities, but also those of critical stakeholders including Tier 1 suppliers, NGOs and the DRC and South Korean governments. Most prominently, this report suggests that supply chain transparency can be improved using certificates of origin and blockchain technology. Furthermore, it is recommended that poverty alleviation is targeted as a key measure through “Cobalt for Development”, an action plan designed to instigate both social and economic upgrading within ASM operations and the wider community. By employing a multi-scalar approach and addressing the issues inherent across multiple governance levels, Samsung can ensure a responsible source of cobalt be sustained.
E-commerce has been keeping fast increasing worldwide since beginning of the 21st century. Rapid growth of e-commerce & parcel shipping is a booming business. However, how to handle with many hard-to-solve sustainability issues of transport in urban areas, is becoming a serious challenge for urban logistic sector and numerous stakeholders. The sustainability issues contain the problems of air pollution, congestion, and sub-contractors. This paper reported those issues in the context of growth of e-commerce and analyzed their efforts on the sustainable urban logistics development.
In relation to the fast development of e-commerce and rapid increasing of parcels, urban logistic sector is facing the challenge of sustainability. Especially, last-mile delivery as the last step of goods transport, it connects to customers’ satisfaction, cost efficiency of logistic companies, and more and more public expectations to sustainability of urban logistics. To handle with the complexity of urban logistics conditions, governments and logistics companies should develop a co-operating strategy for sustainability of urban last-mile delivery. This paper is based on data collection from the long-term empirical research and a survey to the e-commerce users in Germany and China to develop a sustainable concept for the urban last-mile delivery. The key to the development of concept is to create a balance among the requirements of customers, the competition abilities of logistics companies and the public interest.
Aim: The aim of this scientific paper was to examine important trends and developments influencing the nursing care in order to forecast future opportunities and challenges and how to deal with them in the best possible way.
Background: The Corona-pandemic demonstrated the importance of nursing care in the entire world and had drawn attention to the issue of a well-educated and enough nursing staff. The nursing care will face opportunities and challenges due to current trends and developments, which are important to examine in order to provide the best possible nursing care.
Methods: To reach the above-mentioned aim, intensive research was done by using secondary sources and surveys.
Results/Findings: After a detailed analysis of the research it can be summarized that there are three important topics influencing the nursing care: The demographical development with an increasing life expectancy leading to an increasing amount of old people with a demand for care and decreasing birth rates leading to less working people. Cultural transformation and diversity imply many opportunities because the employment market can fill gaps with foreign workers and the immigrating people can compensate the decreasing birth rates. Nevertheless, it can imply many challenges and potential problems which need to be solved by the society and the immigrating people. Furthermore, the changing gender roles can lead to more men becoming a nurse, which might have a significant impact on the shortage of nursing staff. The third important topic influencing the nursing care is technological trends which can help to decrease physiological stress, by facilitating the nurses’ work and by taking over some work from them.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the trends and developments influencing the nursing care are very diverse and imply many different opportunities as well as challenges.
Reasons and potential solution approaches for the shortage of nursing staff in German hospitals
(2021)
The aim of this scientific paper was to find out the reasons for the shortage of nursing staff in German hospitals and to provide potential solution approaches for this shortage. Over the last years, the shortage of nursing staff has become a more and more important topic in the news: Not only due to the increasing amount of missing nurses, but also due to the ageing population in Germany, which leads to an increasing amount of patients in German hospitals. To reach this aim two surveys were done, of which one was for nursing staff only and the other one was for people from all occupational groups with the intention of creating comparative values. The surveys were done from March to April 2019 and were analysed afterwards. After a detailed analysis of the survey results, it can be summarized that the reasons for the shortage of nursing staff in German hospitals are very diverse: Starting with a weak salary, improvable working conditions – for example the shift work and the high amount of physical and psychological stress -, a difficult compatibility of family and job as well as the unattractive image of the job as a nurse in the society. It can be concluded that the solution for the shortage of nursing staff is very difficult. The future will show whether the governmental support will help to make the job as a nurse more attractive – not only for the current nurses, but also for potential future nurses.
Bauprojekte sind in der Regel komplexe Vorhaben. Sie werden mit Hilfe des Projektmanagements und dessen Verfahren, Prozessen und Techniken bewältigt. Dennoch sind deutsche Bauprojekte nicht selten von Kosten- und Terminüberschreitungen betroffen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mögliche Optimierungsfelder im Planungs- und Steuerungsprozess eines Unternehmens für Industriebauprojekte zu identifizieren und darauf aufbauende Verbesserungsansätze zu erarbeiten. Um die Ziele verfolgen zu können, wurde eine qualitative Sozialforschung mittels Experteninterviews durchgeführt. Die Expertenaussagen verdeutlichen weiterhin Optimierungspotenzial, sowohl im Planungs- als auch im Steuerungsprozess. Ausgewählte Techniken (hauptsächlich aus dem klassischen Projektmanagement) dienen indessen dazu, die Effektivität und Effizienz des Planungsprozesses zu erhöhen. Innerhalb des Steuerungsprozesses zeigt sich, dass viele Optimierungsbereiche der Steuerung auf den Defiziten der Planung beruhen.
Im Oktober 2019 veröffentlichte die Amerikanische Psychologische Gesellschaft APA die siebte, überarbeitete Auflage ihres Publikationshandbuchs "Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association". In diesem Ratgeber werden Ihnen die Grundregeln des enthaltenen Zitierregelwerks vorgestellt, ergänzt um eine Einführung in das Zitieren. Einige wenige Regeln wurden der deutschen Grammatik angepasst (z. B. hinsichtlich Kommasetzung vor "&").
Inhalt:
1. Zitieren: Einleitung
2. Zitieren: Definitionen, Grundregeln und Plagiate
3. Zitiersysteme: Klassifikation
4. Zitiersysteme: APA – ein erster Eindruck
5. Text: Kurzbelege gestalten und platzieren
6. Text: sinngemäße Zitate
7. Text: direkte Zitate
8. Literaturverzeichnis: Inhalt und Sortierung (allgemein)
9. Literaturverzeichnis: Autor-Element (allgemein)
10. Literaturverzeichnis: Datum-Element (allgemein)
11. Literaturverzeichnis: Titel-Element (allgemein)
12. Literaturverzeichnis: Quellen-Informations-Element (allgemein)
13. Literaturverzeichnis: Quellen-DOI/URL-Element (allgemein)
14. Literaturverzeichnis: Schriftwerke
14.1 Periodika (Beiträge in Zeitschriften, Zeitungen etc.)
14.2 Bücher (Fach-, Lehrbücher, Sammel-, Nachschlagewerke u. Ä.)
14.3 Beiträge in Sammel- und Nachschlagewerken
14.4 Berichte und graue Literatur
14.5 Tagungs- und Konferenzbeiträge
14.6 Dissertationen und Abschlussarbeiten
14.7 Rezensionen und Besprechungen (in Periodika oder Blogs)
14.8 Unveröffentlichte und informell veröffentlichte Werke
14.9 Normblätter
14.10 Patentschriften
14.11 Spezial: Juristische Texte
15. Datensätze, Software und Tests
15.1 Datensätze
15.2 Software, mobile Apps, Apparaturen und Ausrüstung
16. Tests, Skalen und Messinstrumente
17. Audiovisuelle Medien
17.1 Audiovisuelle Werke (allgemein)
17.2 Ton-Bild-Werke (Filme etc.)
17.3 Tonwerke (Musikalben etc.)
17.4 Bildwerke (Karten etc.)
18. Online-Medien
18.1 Soziale Medien
18.2 Webseiten und Websites
19. Abbildungszitate gemäß APA
20. Zitiersysteme: APA-Handbuch und -Zitierhilfen
21. Zitiersysteme: Alternativen
22. Extra: Tipps für das Zusammenstellen einer Literaturgrundlage
Unintended nuclear war
(2021)
Cryotropic gelation is one of the most common approaches to design novel hydrogels with multifaceted technological and biological functionalities. In the present paper, we studied the ability of highly galactosyl-substituted galactomannans, i.e. fenugreek and alfalfa gum, to form physically crosslinked hydrogels via cryogenic processing. Cycling of the galactomannan solutions (0.25 to 4% wt) from 25 to −20 to 25 °C induced the physical crosslinking of the galactomannan chains leading to the formation of different cryogel structures, i.e. filamentous aggregates (c* < c < 1%), cellular-like gel networks (1 ≤ c < 4%) or a homogeneously swollen gel (c ≥ 4%), depending on the total biopolymer content. Alfalfa gum-based cryogels exhibited higher elasticity and stiffness, better uniformity of the structure and a lower macropore size than their fenugreek counterparts. The physical blending of alfalfa or fenugreek gum with locust bean gum (2% total biopolymer) led to the reinforcement of the mechanical properties of the cryogels without significantly altering their microstructural aspects.
The present work aimed at investigating an extraction protocol based on consecutive steps of isoelectric point (pH ~ 4.25) mediated gum swelling and deproteinisation as an alternative method to produce flaxseed gum extracts of enhanced techno-functional characteristics. The osidic and proximate composition, structure conformation, flow behaviour, dynamic rheological and thermal properties of gums isolated from brown and golden flaxseeds were assessed. Gum extraction under near-to-isoelectric point conditions did not impair the extraction yield, residual protein and ash content, whilst it resulted in minor changes in the sugar composition of the flaxseed gum extracts. The deconvolution of the GPC/SEC chromatographs revealed the presence of four major polysaccharidic populations corresponding to arabinoxylans, rhamnogalacturonan–I and two AX-RG-I composite fractions. The latter appeared to minimise the intra- and interchain polymer non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding) leading to a better solvation affinity in water and lyotropic solvents. Golden flaxseed gums exerted higher molecular weight (Mw = 1.34–1.15 × 106 Da) and intrinsic viscosities (6.63–5.13 dL g−1) as well as better thickening and viscoelastic performance than the brown flaxseed gum exemplars. Golden flaxseed gums exhibited a better thermal stability compared to the brown flaxseed counterparts and therefore, they are suitable for product applications involving severe heat treatments.
Optimal mental workload plays a key role in driving performance. Thus, driver-assisting systems that automatically adapt to a drivers current mental workload via brain–computer interfacing might greatly contribute to traffic safety. To design economic brain computer interfaces that do not compromise driver comfort, it is necessary to identify brain areas that are most sensitive to mental workload changes. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and subjective ratings to measure mental workload in two virtual driving environments with distinct demands. We found that demanding city environments induced both higher subjective workload ratings as well as higher bilateral middle frontal gyrus activation than less demanding country environments. A further analysis with higher spatial resolution revealed a center of activation in the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The area is highly involved in spatial working memory processing. Thus, a main component of drivers’ mental workload in complex surroundings might stem from the fact that large amounts of spatial information about the course of the road as well as other road users has to constantly be upheld, processed and updated. We propose that the right middle frontal gyrus might be a suitable region for the application of powerful small-area brain computer interfaces.
Intraspecific diet specialization, usually driven by resource availability, competition and predation, is common in natural populations. However, the role of parasites on diet specialization of their hosts has rarely been studied. Eye flukes can impair vision ability of their hosts and have been associated with alterations of fish feeding behavior. Here it was assessed whether European perch (Perca fluviatilis) alter their diet composition as a consequence of infection with eye flukes. Young-of-the-year (YOY) perch from temperate Lake Müggelsee (Berlin, Germany) were sampled in two years, eye flukes counted and fish diet was evaluated using both stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Perch diet was dominated by zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates. Both methods indicated that with increasing eye fluke infection intensity fish had a more selective diet, feeding mainly on the benthic macroinvertebrate Dikerogammarus villosus, while less intensively infected fish appeared to be generalist feeders showing no preference for any particular prey type. Our results show that infection with eye flukes can indirectly affect interaction of the host with lower trophic levels by altering the diet composition and highlight the underestimated role of parasites in food web studies.
The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate the reinforcement learning algorithm VentAI, which is able to suggest a dynamically optimized mechanical ventilation regime for critically-ill patients. We built, validated and tested its performance on 11,943 events of volume-controlled mechanical ventilation derived from 61,532 distinct ICU admissions and tested it on an independent, secondary dataset (200,859 ICU stays; 25,086 mechanical ventilation events). A patient “data fingerprint” of 44 features was extracted as multidimensional time series in 4-hour time steps. We used a Markov decision process, including a reward system and a Q-learning approach, to find the optimized settings for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and ideal body weight-adjusted tidal volume (Vt). The observed outcome was in-hospital or 90-day mortality. VentAI reached a significantly increased estimated performance return of 83.3 (primary dataset) and 84.1 (secondary dataset) compared to physicians’ standard clinical care (51.1). The number of recommended action changes per mechanically ventilated patient constantly exceeded those of the clinicians. VentAI chose 202.9% more frequently ventilation regimes with lower Vt (5–7.5 mL/kg), but 50.8% less for regimes with higher Vt (7.5–10 mL/kg). VentAI recommended 29.3% more frequently PEEP levels of 5–7 cm H2O and 53.6% more frequently PEEP levels of 7–9 cmH2O. VentAI avoided high (>55%) FiO2 values (59.8% decrease), while preferring the range of 50–55% (140.3% increase). In conclusion, VentAI provides reproducible high performance by dynamically choosing an optimized, individualized ventilation strategy and thus might be of benefit for critically ill patients.
Introduction: The use of social marketing strategies to induce the promotion of cognitive health has received little attention in research. The objective of this scoping review is twofold: (i) to identify the social marketing strategies that have been used in recent years to initiate and maintain health-promoting behaviour; (ii) to advance research in this area to inform policy and practice on how to best make use of these strategies to promote cognitive health.
Methods and analysis: We will use the five-stage methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Articles in English published since 2010 will be searched in electronic databases (the Cochrane Library, DoPHER, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, PsycInfo, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus). Quantitative and qualitative study designs as well as reviews will be considered. We will include those articles that report the design, implementation, outcomes and evaluation of programmes and interventions concerning social marketing and/or health promotion and/or promotion of cognitive health. Grey literature will not be searched. Two independent reviewers will assess in detail the abstracts and full text of selected citations against the inclusion criteria. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart for Scoping Reviews will be used to illustrate the process of article selection. We will use a data extraction form, present the results through narrative synthesis and discuss them in relation to the scoping review research questions.
Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required for conducting this scoping review. The results of the review will be the first step to advance a conceptual framework, which contributes to the development of interventions targeting the promotion of cognitive health. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. They will also be disseminated to key stakeholders in the field of the promotion of cognitive health.