Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (Fachzeitschriften)
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (Fachzeitschriften) (214) (entfernen)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (214)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- nein (214)
Schlagworte
- Nachhaltigkeit (17)
- Deutschland (14)
- Rückenschmerz (11)
- COVID-19 (8)
- Digitalisierung (8)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (7)
- Physikalische Therapie (7)
- Biodiversität (6)
- CO2-Bilanz (6)
- China (6)
Institut
- FB Umweltplanung/-technik (UCB) (57)
- FB Bauen + Leben (51)
- FB Informatik + Therapiewissenschaft (35)
- FB Umweltwirtschaft/-recht (UCB) (18)
- FB Technik (12)
- InDi - Institut für Internationale und Digitale Kommunikation (12)
- IfaS - Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (10)
- FB Wirtschaft (7)
- ISS - Institut für Softwaresysteme in Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Verwaltung (6)
- LaROS - Labor für Radiotechnologie und optische Systeme (6)
- IMiP - Institut für Mikroverfahrenstechnik und Partikeltechnologie (4)
- IBioPD - Institut für biotechnisches Prozessdesign (2)
- IBT - Institut für Betriebs- und Technologiemanagement (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
In the article, Cara-Maxine Heyd examines the complex relationship between USA war on drug policies and their impact on human rights for Colombia. It reflects on today’s relevance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) as a framework for identifying and defining human rights. The article briefly addresses the use of glyphosate against coca plantations and the Colombia-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. It presents data on the historical growth of coca plantations and describes the affected social groups and regions, including peasant communities and deforested areas. She examines how various strategies to control coca cultivation, including aerial spraying with glyphosate, have impacted human rights, particularly the right to adequate living conditions. The use of glyphosate has affected over 100 thousand hectares, impacting numerous social groups, including landless peasants, indigenous peoples, and displaced communities by the internal conflict. The negative effects extend beyond health and livelihood, exacerbated by the illegality and social stigma associated with coca cultivation, which complicates institutional responses. Subsequently, the author explores how several human rights are impacted by eradication schemes related to coca cultivation. For the right to work, peasant growers, as the initial link in the cocaine value chain, face significant challenges. Government plans should focus on creating alternative job opportunities and supporting transitions to other products, including setting minimum wages and providing basic access to institutional benefits. Similarly, the right to food is compromised as new generations of peasants, born during the coca boom, have neglected traditional farming practices, leading to a loss of traditional agricultural practices and techniques agricultural. For the right to health and human dignity, glyphosate use exacerbates health issues and impacts non-coca crops, affecting food sovereignty and security. The author notes that glyphosate, classified as “possibly carcinogenic” by the World Health Organization, has been controversially used due to political rather than scientific evidence, which could trigger a humanitarian crisis. Lastly, the right to cultural life is affected by the marginalization of traditional coca use, which holds significant traditional and spiritual value in the Andean region. Traditional practices must be aligned to modern policies. This article also discusses the German constitutional right to a minimum subsistence level, which is consistent with human dignity. She explains the rationality behind this assimilation and provides context, also demonstrating how doctrine development and research conducted in different geographies can enhance the rights’ scope of protection. Therefore, coca peasants should be acknowledged as victims? The author response to this question from the decent standard of living perspective, offering an interesting approach to this communities’ situation. The author’s literature review and institutional sources detail the ambiguous legal status of coca globally and critique the reward-based system. She left several open windows to continue the investigation about where this situation is taking Colombia and the International community.
With her paper "Artisanal fisheries in circumstances with political framework and co-management" Dorothea Hensing discusses the high productivity of pelagic fish in the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem (HCLME) and how it is impacted by factors such as acidification and oxygen depletion due to global warming. This ecosystem, rich in marine life, faces significant challenges exacerbated by extreme weather events like El Niño and La Niña, profoundly impact the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen, creating economic instability. Despite these adversities, artisanal fisheries remain crucial contributors to Peru‘s GDP. However, their sustainability and financial stability are compromised by various factors, including the lack of institutional support and the prevalence of informal practices within the industry. Informality permeates aspects such as labor relations and vessel construction, consequently affecting workers' rights, their financial stability and rendering them vulnerable. Fishing communities, such as the one in Chorillos, are complex socio-ecological systems reliant on social capital, but they are susceptible to external influences. Political dimensions further complicate the scenario, necessitating the establishment of effective co-management mechanisms, artisanal fisheries' inclusion in decision-making processes, a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem threats, and policy reforms to address informality. The author demonstrates the importance of strengthening governance and decision-making processes to address institutional flaws and protect the marine ecosystems and livelihoods of artisanal fishermen in Peru.
When we want to understand why the laws of nature and nature itself are currently in such bad condition, we need to look at our way of seeing the world. When we want to stop the rapid deforestation, climate change, mass extinction, and other catastrophic impacts we have on our environment, we need to figure out at what time and why they started. There are fundamental differences between an anthropocentric worldview, where humans are above all other species, and an animist worldview, where humans are a part of nature. Due to people acting accordingly to their perception of the world, we need to understand why these perceptions differentiate so much and why people from the imperial core, respectively, the exploiting countries, think in a hierarchical pattern. Our disconnectedness from nature has reached a shocking extent. People living in big cities see nothing but concrete and cars; the plants they have in their homes are made out of plastic; and the only time they see animals is when they go to a zoo, where they are crammed in little enclosures and alienated from their natural habitat. Children growing up these days spend more time watching ads on TV or social media than they spend in nature. No wonder that many people know more brands than tree species, despite the fact that just one of those two keeps them alive. It is high time to question this development and to ask ourselves how we ended up here. Interestingly, there are still elements of a human-nature relationship visible in our modern capitalist society. Some people see their dog or cat as part of the family and talk to them; others care for plants as well as they do for their own children. And even in movies, a world is a portrait where the birds talk to the people and plants are alive. Therefore, the idea of nature being alive rather than just some material resource still prevails in our subconscious and in our fantasy to this day. The first part of this paper portrays our current perspective on nature and how it developed. From Plato’s Allegory of the Cave to the scientific revolution initiated by Francis Bacon and the dualism founded by Descartes, many theories influenced our perception of the world. The term Anthropocene is widespread, but it is rarely discussed or narrowed down when used. It will be discussed and elaborated on how the rise of capitalism is related to the accelerating exploitation of nature. The second part is about defining animism, the initial view of humans as a part of nature, which is still prevalent in indigenous culture. Cartesian dualism will be challenged, and other philosophical theories will be examined. The concept and theory of ecological feminism are going to be introduced, and the underlying analyses will be conducted in the context of animism. Our perception of nature will be debunked, and strong advocacy will be made for a more sustainable human-nature relationship.
Over forty years ago, physicist and deep ecologist Capra indicated: "Ecosystems sustain themselves in a dynamic balance based on cycles and fluctuations, which are nonlinear processes. Linear enterprises, such as indefinite economic and technological growth will necessarily interfere with the natural balance and, sooner or later, will cause severe damage. Ecological awareness, then, will arise only when we combine our rational knowledge with an intuition for the nonlinear nature of our environment. Such intuitive wisdom is characteristic of traditional, non-literate cultures, [...] in which life was organized around a highly refined awareness of environment." Since then, natural ecosystems are being pushed beyond their limits with human societies confronting unprecedented challenges like climate change, species extinctions and pollution. Various approaches like ecological restoration, conservation, renewable energies and car sequestration have been deployed to tackle the global ecological crisis. Yet, a crucial element remains largely overlooked: integrating local and traditional ecological knowledge as well as indigenous perspectives with modern western science to foster environmentally sustainable solutions. This student research paper explores how the concept of traditional ecological knowledge is defined in science, law and policy literatures and what contribution place-based communities such as the artisanal fishery of Chorrillos can serve for improving cooperative environmental and natural resources management. The method applied aims to evaluate existing literature, synthesizing ideas, and critically analyzing the status quo. Subsequently, the paper will provide recommendations for integrating ecological traditional knowledge in legal frameworks and practice through sound policy aimed at sustainable development.
Coca Cultivation in Colombian Economy – Considering the 2007 US-Colombian Free Trade Agreement
(2024)
According to the overarching theme "Should something happen somewhere else that we don't want to have here?", this research paper deals with the extended question "How does the 2007 free trade agreement between Colombia and the USA affect the situation in Colombia?". Focusing on the aspect of coca cultivation this paper is framed by the question of projecting the situation in Colombia onto the situation in Germany. Universal human rights are the unifying force between Colombia in Latin America and Germany in Central Europe. Through the United Nations Declaration, these rights have universal validity regardless of national or ethnic affiliation. These rights apply to all countries of the world, including Colombia. The situation of the population regarding the economic and ethical components is illuminated on the basis of coca cultivation. Starting with the topic of coca cultivation, the challenges and interests by groups of people involved are described. The Colombian economy is then examined in order to classify the importance of this topic. The topic of the "free market" is a very relevant one, particularly regarding the economic component and can be supported by free trade agreements. This means that the domestic economy is not only restricted to its own sales market without regulation but is also largely extended to other partner countries. In terms of market liberalization, this would also be relevant for coca distribution. Thus, opening to other markets at the direct level is an export opportunity, but also at the indirect level. Exports can also be expanded via third countries. However, national governments are also responsible for this process. Therefore, this paper also explains the role of Colombian politics in coca cultivation, as it has a significant role in the cultivation and trade of the coca plant as well as in external economic relations. Furthermore, the paper attempts to construct a possible solution to improve the living situation of the people in Colombia. The factors of the economy, politics, foreign policy and the relationships between the individual actors are considered in order to arrive at a solution that is as balanced as possible, taking into account the norms of human rights.
Rights for Nature in Germany
(2024)
In the last decades, the development of the rights of nature has become a significant issue in various parts of the world. This emerging approach views nature not only as a resource for human use, but as a value in its own right that must be protected and respected. Over the last years the discussion about a rights for nature have also increased in Germany. This paper takes a look at the current state of the debate on natural rights in Germany. The first part gives an overview about the current status of natural rights all over the world. The second part deals with the rights of nature in Germany and how these have developed in recent years, for example through the citizens' initiative in Bavaria, which addresses the rights of nature and makes them the subject of a referendum. The third part deals with the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court. This decision in March 2021 on the issue of climate protection marked a significant milestone in the context of the global climate crisis and finally the class action lawsuit.
Deep learning-based image registration (DLIR) has been widely developed, but it remains challenging in perceiving small and large deformations. Besides, the effectiveness of the DLIR methods was also rarely validated on the downstream tasks. In the study, a multi-scale complexity-aware registration network (MSCAReg-Net) was proposed by devising a complexity-aware technique to facilitate DLIR under a single-resolution framework. Specifically, the complexity-aware technique devised a multi-scale complexity-aware module (MSCA-Module) to perceive deformations with distinct complexities, and employed a feature calibration module (FC-Module) and a feature aggregation module (FA-Module) to facilitate the MSCA-Module by generating more distinguishable deformation features. Experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed MSCAReg-Net over the existing methods in terms of registration accuracy. Besides, other than the indices of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and percentage of voxels with non-positive Jacobian determinant (|J(phi)|=<0), a comprehensive evaluation of the registration performance was performed by applying this method on a downstream task of multi-atlas hippocampus segmentation (MAHS). Experimental results demonstrated that this method contributed to a better hippocampus segmentation over other DLIR methods, and a comparable segmentation performance with the leading SyN method. The comprehensive assessment including DSC, |J(phi)|=<0, and the downstream application on MAHS demonstrated the advances of this method.
A systemic framework of energy efficiency in schools: Experiences from six European countries
(2023)
Schools are complex physical and social institutions within national education systems. They account for significant energy consumption and like other buildings can demonstrate inefficient patterns of energy use. Poor energy performance of educational facilities is an intricate issue driven by complex causality of interconnected and dynamic factors. Addressing this issue requires a systemic approach, which is heretofore lacking. The aim of this research is to present and describe a systemic framework to facilitate energy reduction in schools across different European contexts. This transdisciplinary approach to sustainable energy use has been piloted in 13 post-primary schools located in six countries in northwest Europe. The research implements a series of planned activities and interventions, which help to unveil a systemic approach to improving energy efficiency in schools. The findings demonstrate how this approach, together with its ensuing methodologies and strategies, can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and improve knowledge and awareness around sustainable energy.
Small area estimation methods have become a widely used tool to provide accurate estimates for regional indicators such as poverty measures. Recent research has provided evidence that spatial modelling still can improve the precision of regional and local estimates. In this paper, we provide an intrinsic spatial autocorrelation model and prove the propriety of the posterior under a flat prior. Further, we show using the SAIPE poverty data that the gain in efficiency using a spatial model can be essentially important in the presence of a lack of strong auxiliary variables.
Model transformations are central to model-driven software development. Applications of model transformations include creating models, handling model co-evolution, model merging, and understanding model evolution. In the past, various (semi-)automatic approaches to derive model transformations from meta-models or from examples have been proposed. These approaches require time-consuming handcrafting or the recording of concrete examples, or they are unable to derive complex transformations. We propose a novel unsupervised approach, called Ockham, which is able to learn edit operations from model histories in model repositories. Ockham is based on the idea that meaningful domain-specific edit operations are the ones that compress the model differences. It employs frequent subgraph mining to discover frequent structures in model difference graphs. We evaluate our approach in two controlled experiments and one real-world case study of a large-scale industrial model-driven architecture project in the railway domain. We found that our approach is able to discover frequent edit operations that have actually been applied before. Furthermore, Ockham is able to extract edit operations that are meaningful—in the sense of explaining model differences through the edit operations they comprise—to practitioners in an industrial setting. We also discuss use cases (i.e., semantic lifting of model differences and change profiles) for the discovered edit operations in this industrial setting. We find that the edit operations discovered by Ockham can be used to better understand and simulate the evolution of models.