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- Elektrofahrzeug (5)
- Biodiversität (4)
- CO2-Bilanz (4)
- Elektromobilität (4)
- Fermentation (4)
- Maschinelles Lernen (4)
- Biomonitoring (3)
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- Klimaänderung (3)
- Rapid Prototyping <Fertigung> (3)
Institut
While the contribution of renewable energy technologies to the energy system is increasing, so is its level of complexity. In addition to new types of consumer systems, the future system will be characterized by volatile generation plants that will require storage technologies. Furthermore, a solid interconnected system that enables the transit of electrical energy can reduce the need for generation and storage systems. Therefore, appropriate methods are needed to analyze energy production and consumption interactions within different system constellations. Energy system models can help to understand and build these future energy systems. However, although various energy models already exist, none of them can cover all issues related to integrating renewable energy systems. The existing research gap is also reflected in the fact that current models cannot model the entire energy system for very high shares of renewable energies with high temporal resolution (15 min or 1-h steps) and high spatial resolution. Additionally, the low availability of open-source energy models leads to a lack of transparency about exactly how they work. To close this gap, the sector-coupled energy model (UCB-SEnMod) was developed. Its unique features are the modular structure, high flexibility, and applicability, enabling it to model any system constellation and can be easily extended with new functions due to its software design. Due to the software architecture, it is possible to map individual buildings or companies and regions, or even countries. In addition, we plan to make the energy model UCB-SEnMod available as an open-source framework to enable users to understand the functionality and configuration options more easily. This paper presents the methodology of the UCB-SEnMod model. The main components of the model are described in detail, i.e., the energy generation systems, the consumption components in the electricity, heat, and transport sectors, and the possibilities of load balancing.
This paper presents a feasibility study for the production of recycled glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) material for additive manufacturing. Past studies showed a variety of results for the recycling of 3D-printing material, therefore the precise effect on the material properties is not completely clear. For this work, PETG waste of the same grade was recycled once and further processed into 3D printing filament. The study compares three blend ratios between purchased plastic pellets and recycled pellets to determine the degradation effect of one recycling cycle and possible blend ratios to counter these effects. Furthermore, the results include a commercially available filament. The comparison uses the filament diameter, the dimensional accuracy of the printed test specimen and mechanical properties as quality criteria. The study shows that the recycled material has a minor decrease concerning the tensile strength and Young’s modulus.
Lembrechts, Jonas J. ; van den Hoogen, Johan ; Aalto, Juha ; Ashcroft, Michael B. ; De Frenne, Pieter ; Kemppinen, Julia ; Kopecký, Martin ; Luoto, Miska ; Maclean, Ilya M. D. ; Crowther, Thomas W. ; Bailey, Joseph J. ; Haesen, Stef ; Klinges, David H. ; Niittynen, Pekka ; Scheffers, Brett R. ; Van Meerbeek, Koenraad ; Aartsma, Peter ; Abdalaze, Otar ; Abedi, Mehdi ; Aerts, Rien ; Ahmadian, Negar ; Ahrends, Antje ; Alatalo, Juha M. ; Alexander, Jake M. ; Allonsius, Camille Nina ; Altman, Jan ; Ammann, Christof ; Andres, Christian ; Andrews, Christopher ; Ardö, Jonas ; Arriga, Nicola ; Arzac, Alberto ; Aschero, Valeria ; Assis, Rafael L. ; Assmann, Jakob Johann ; Bader, Maaike Y. ; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh ; Barančok, Peter ; Barrio, Isabel C. ; Barros, Agustina ; Barthel, Matti ; Basham, Edmund W. ; Bauters, Marijn ; Bazzichetto, Manuele ; Belelli Marchesini, Luca ; Bell, Michael C. ; Benavides, Juan C. ; Benito Alonso, José Luis ; Berauer, Bernd J. ; Bjerke, Jarle W. ; Björk, Robert G. ; Björkman, Mats P. ; Björnsdóttir, Katrin ; Blonder, Benjamin ; Boeckx, Pascal ; Boike, Julia ; Bokhorst, Stef ; Brum, Bárbara N. S. ; Brůna, Josef ; Buchmann, Nina ; Buysse, Pauline ; Camargo, José Luís ; Campoe, Otávio C. ; Candan, Onur ; Canessa, Rafaella ; Cannone, Nicoletta ; Carbognani, Michele ; Carnicer, Jofre ; Casanova-Katny, Angélica ; Cesarz, Simone ; Chojnicki, Bogdan ; Choler, Philippe ; Chown, Steven L. ; Cifuentes, Edgar F. ; Čiliak, Marek ; Contador, Tamara ; Convey, Peter ; Cooper, Elisabeth J. ; Cremonese, Edoardo ; Curasi, Salvatore R. ; Curtis, Robin ; Cutini, Maurizio ; Dahlberg, C. Johan ; Daskalova, Gergana N. ; de Pablo, Miguel Angel ; Della Chiesa, Stefano ; Dengler, Jürgen ; Deronde, Bart ; Descombes, Patrice ; Di Cecco, Valter ; Di Musciano, Michele ; Dick, Jan ; Dimarco, Romina D. ; Dolezal, Jiri ; Dorrepaal, Ellen ; Dušek, Jiří ; Eisenhauer, Nico ; Eklundh, Lars ; Erickson, Todd E. ; Erschbamer, Brigitta ; Eugster, Werner ; Ewers, Robert M. ; Exton, Dan A. ; Fanin, Nicolas ; Fazlioglu, Fatih ; Feigenwinter, Iris ; Fenu, Giuseppe ; Ferlian, Olga ; Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa ; Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo ; Finckh, Manfred ; Finger Higgens, Rebecca ; Forte, T'ai G. W. ; Freeman, Erika C. ; Frei, Esther R. ; Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo ; García, Rafael A. ; García, María B. ; Géron, Charly ; Gharun, Mana ; Ghosn, Dany ; Gigauri, Khatuna ; Gobin, Anne ; Goded, Ignacio ; Goeckede, Mathias ; Gottschall, Felix ; Goulding, Keith ; Govaert, Sanne ; Graae, Bente Jessen ; Greenwood, Sarah ; Greiser, Caroline ; Grelle, Achim ; Guénard, Benoit ; Guglielmin, Mauro ; Guillemot, Joannès ; Haase, Peter ; Haider, Sylvia ; Halbritter, Aud H. ; Hamid, Maroof ; Hammerle, Albin ; Hampe, Arndt ; Haugum, Siri V. ; Hederová, Lucia ; Heinesch, Bernard ; Helfter, Carole ; Hepenstrick, Daniel ; Herberich, Maximiliane ; Herbst, Mathias ; Hermanutz, Luise ; Hik, David S. ; Hoffrén, Raúl ; Homeier, Jürgen ; Hörtnagl, Lukas ; Høye, Toke T. ; Hrbacek, Filip ; Hylander, Kristoffer ; Iwata, Hiroki ; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni ; Jactel, Hervé ; Järveoja, Järvi ; Jastrzębowski, Szymon ; Jentsch, Anke ; Jiménez, Juan J. ; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. ; Jucker, Tommaso ; Jump, Alistair S. ; Juszczak, Radoslaw ; Kanka, Róbert ; Kašpar, Vít ; Kazakis, George ; Kelly, Julia ; Khuroo, Anzar A. ; Klemedtsson, Leif ; Klisz, Marcin ; Kljun, Natascha ; Knohl, Alexander ; Kobler, Johannes ; Kollár, Jozef ; Kotowska, Martyna M. ; Kovács, Bence ; Kreyling, Juergen ; Lamprecht, Andrea ; Lang, Simone I. ; Larson, Christian ; Larson, Keith ; Laska, Kamil ; le Maire, Guerric ; Leihy, Rachel I. ; Lens, Luc ; Liljebladh, Bengt ; Lohila, Annalea ; Lorite, Juan ; Loubet, Benjamin ; Lynn, Joshua ; Macek, Martin ; Mackenzie, Roy ; Magliulo, Enzo ; Maier, Regine ; Malfasi, Francesco ; Máliš, František ; Man, Matěj ; Manca, Giovanni ; Manco, Antonio ; Manise, Tanguy ; Manolaki, Paraskevi ; Marciniak, Felipe ; Matula, Radim ; Mazzolari, Ana Clara ; Medinets, Sergiy ; Medinets, Volodymyr ; Meeussen, Camille ; Merinero, Sonia ; Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães ; Meusburger, Katrin ; Meysman, Filip J. R. ; Michaletz, Sean T. ; Milbau, Ann ; Moiseev, Dmitry ; Moiseev, Pavel ; Mondoni, Andrea ; Monfries, Ruth ; Montagnani, Leonardo ; Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel ; Morra di Cella, Umberto ; Mörsdorf, Martin ; Mosedale, Jonathan R. ; Muffler, Lena ; Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam ; Myers, Jonathan A. ; Myers-Smith, Isla H. ; Nagy, Laszlo ; Nardino, Marianna ; Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona ; Newling, Emily ; Nicklas, Lena ; Niedrist, Georg ; Niessner, Armin ; Nilsson, Mats B. ; Normand, Signe ; Nosetto, Marcelo D. ; Nouvellon, Yann ; Nuñez, Martin A. ; Ogaya, Romà ; Ogée, Jérôme ; Okello, Joseph ; Olejnik, Janusz ; Olesen, Jørgen Eivind ; Opedal, Øystein H. ; Orsenigo, Simone ; Palaj, Andrej ; Pampuch, Timo ; Panov, Alexey V. ; Pärtel, Meelis ; Pastor, Ada ; Pauchard, Aníbal ; Pauli, Harald ; Pavelka, Marian ; Pearse, William D. ; Peichl, Matthias ; Pellissier, Loïc ; Penczykowski, Rachel M. ; Penuelas, Josep ; Petit Bon, Matteo ; Petraglia, Alessandro ; Phartyal, Shyam S. ; Phoenix, Gareth K. ; Pio, Casimiro ; Pitacco, Andrea ; Pitteloud, Camille ; Plichta, Roman ; Porro, Francesco ; Portillo-Estrada, Miguel ; Poulenard, Jérôme ; Poyatos, Rafael ; Prokushkin, Anatoly S. ; Puchalka, Radoslaw ; Pușcaș, Mihai ; Radujković, Dajana ; Randall, Krystal ; Ratier Backes, Amanda ; Remmele, Sabine ; Remmers, Wolfram ; Renault, David ; Risch, Anita C. ; Rixen, Christian ; Robinson, Sharon A. ; Robroek, Bjorn J. M. ; Rocha, Adrian V. ; Rossi, Christian ; Rossi, Graziano ; Roupsard, Olivier ; Rubtsov, Alexey V. ; Saccone, Patrick ; Sagot, Clotilde ; Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan ; Santos, Cinthya C. ; Sarneel, Judith M. ; Scharnweber, Tobias ; Schmeddes, Jonas ; Schmidt, Marius ; Scholten, Thomas ; Schuchardt, Max ; Schwartz, Naomi ; Scott, Tony ; Seeber, Julia ; Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina ; Seipel, Tim ; Semenchuk, Philipp ; Senior, Rebecca A. ; Serra-Diaz, Josep M. ; Sewerniak, Piotr ; Shekhar, Ankit ; Sidenko, Nikita V. ; Siebicke, Lukas ; Siegwart Collier, Laura ; Simpson, Elizabeth ; Siqueira, David P. ; Sitková, Zuzana ; Six, Johan ; Smiljanic, Marko ; Smith, Stuart W. ; Smith-Tripp, Sarah ; Somers, Ben ; Sørensen, Mia Vedel ; Souza, José João L. L. ; Souza, Bartolomeu Israel ; Souza Dias, Arildo ; Spasojevic, Marko J. ; Speed, James D. M. ; Spicher, Fabien ; Stanisci, Angela ; Steinbauer, Klaus ; Steinbrecher, Rainer ; Steinwandter, Michael ; Stemkovski, Michael ; Stephan, Jörg G. ; Stiegler, Christian ; Stoll, Stefan ; Svátek, Martin ; Svoboda, Miroslav ; Tagesson, Torbern ; Tanentzap, Andrew J. ; Tanneberger, Franziska ; Theurillat, Jean-Paul ; Thomas, Haydn J. D. ; Thomas, Andrew D. ; Tielbörger, Katja ; Tomaselli, Marcello ; Treier, Urs Albert ; Trouillier, Mario ; Turtureanu, Pavel Dan ; Tutton, Rosamond ; Tyystjärvi, Vilna A. ; Ueyama, Masahito ; Ujházy, Karol ; Ujházyová, Mariana ; Uogintas, Domas ; Urban, Anastasiya V. ; Urban, Josef ; Urbaniak, Marek ; Ursu, Tudor-Mihai ; Vaccari, Francesco Primo ; Van de Vondel, Stijn ; van den Brink, Liesbeth ; Van Geel, Maarten ; Vandvik, Vigdis ; Vangansbeke, Pieter ; Varlagin, Andrej ; Veen, G. F. ; Veenendaal, Elmar ; Venn, Susanna E. ; Verbeeck, Hans ; Verbrugggen, Erik ; Verheijen, Frank G. A. ; Villar, Luis ; Vitale, Luca ; Vittoz, Pascal ; Vives-Ingla, Maria ; von Oppen, Jonathan ; Walz, Josefine ; Wang, Runxi ; Wang, Yifeng ; Way, Robert G. ; Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M. ; Weigel, Robert ; Wild, Jan ; Wilkinson, Matthew ; Wilmking, Martin ; Wingate, Lisa ; Winkler, Manuela ; Wipf, Sonja ; Wohlfahrt, Georg ; Xenakis, Georgios ; Yang, Yan ; Yu, Zicheng ; Yu, Kailiang ; Zellweger, Florian ; Zhang, Jian ; Zhang, Zhaochen ; Zhao, Peng ; Ziemblińska, Klaudia ; Zimmermann, Reiner ; Zong, Shengwei ; Zyryanov, Viacheslav I. ; Nijs, Ivan ; Lenoir, Jonathan
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Marsh, Charles J. ; Gavish, Yoni ; Kuemmerlen, Mathias ; Stoll, Stefan ; Haase, Peter ; Kunin, William E.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are key tools in biodiversity and conservation, but assessing their reliability in unsampled locations is difficult, especially where there are sampling biases. We present a spatially-explicit sensitivity analysis for SDMs – SDM profiling – which assesses the leverage that unsampled locations have on the overall model by exploring the interaction between the effect on the variable response curves and the prevalence of the affected environmental conditions. The method adds a ‘pseudo-presence’ and ‘pseudo-absence’ to unsampled locations, re-running the SDM for each, and measuring the difference between the probability surfaces of the original and new SDMs. When the standardised difference values are plotted against each other (a ‘profile plot’), each point's location can be summarized by four leverage measures, calculated as the distances to each corner. We explore several applications: visualization of model certainty; identification of optimal new sampling locations and redundant existing locations; and flagging potentially erroneous occurrence records.