Control rooms play a crucial role in monitoring and managing safety-critical systems, such as power grids, emergency response, and transportation networks. As these systems become increasingly complex and generate more data, the role of human operators is evolving amid growing reliance on automation and autonomous decision-making. This paper explores the balance between leveraging automation for efficiency and preserving human intuition and ethical judgment, particularly in high-stakes scenarios. Through an analysis of control room trends, operator attitudes, and models of human-computer collaboration, this paper highlights the benefits and challenges of automation, including risks of deskilling, automation bias, and accountability. The paper advocates for a hybrid approach of collaborative autonomy, where humans and systems work in partnership to ensure transparency, trust, and adaptability.

The Active Radar Interferometer (AcRaIn) represents a novel approach in secondary radar technology, aimed at environments with high reflective clutter, such as pipes and tunnels. This study introduces a compact design minimizing peripheral components and leveraging commercial semiconductor technologies operating in the 24 GHz ISM band. A heterodyne principle was adopted to enhance unambiguity and phase coherence without requiring synchronization or separate communication channels. Experimental validation involved free-space and pipe measurements, demonstrating functionality over distances up to 150 m. The radar system effectively reduced interference and achieved high precision in both straight and bent pipe scenarios, with deviations below 1.25% compared to manual measurements. By processing signals at intermediate frequencies, advantages such as improved efficiency, isolation, and system flexibility were achieved. Notably, the integration of amplitude modulation suppressed passive clutter, enabling clearer signal differentiation. Key challenges identified include optimizing signal processing and addressing logarithmic signal attenuation for better precision. These findings underscore AcRaIn’s potential for pipeline monitoring and similar applications.

This research delves into the emerging paradigm of biocultural systems, focusing on the intricate social-ecological dynamics which created and maintained an ancient farming system, the European wood-pastures. Innovatively conceptualizing wood-pastures as biocultural systems, this study employs a network approach to unravel the complex interactions between human activities and the natural particularities within these environments. By using field surveys and interviews conducted in Transylvania, Romania, this research reconstructs the traditional social-ecological drivers behind the preservation of ancient wood-pastures and their Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP). It identifies key variables and their centrality within the biocultural network, emphasizing that the rich natural values of wood-pastures are inextricably linked to management features. We employ RLQ and fourth corner analyses to investigate the interconnections among biophysical context, biocultural features (i.e. human made and natural features), and NCP, revealing significant correlations and gradients between the broad biophysical setting and the wood-pasture NCP. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining traditional management practices and stewardship to conserve the biodiversity and cultural heritage of wood-pastures. We contribute to a deeper comprehension of biocultural systems and offer insights for effective management and governance of traditional farming landscapes in Europe and beyond.

Penicillium sp. (IBWF 040-09) produces a protease inhibitor that can potentially be used against the main protease of human African trypanosomiasis. Since the target substance is formed intracellularly (under nutrient limitation), the fungal pellet is preferred compared to the free mycelia in bioreactor cultivation. The optimization of the production of protease inhibitor became the main focus of this study. The effects of the concentrations of spores, calcium chloride, and Pluronic F68 were investigated with regard to fungal growth, pellet morphology, and the production of protease inhibitor. The combination of adjusting the spore concentration and adding Pluronic F68 and calcium chloride increased the probability of achieving the desired morphology. This ensured better reproducibility of the production of the target substance by Penicillium sp. (IBWF 040-09) with the bioreactor system used. In addition, the protease inhibitor was tested in a resazurin assay and showed no noticeable cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood cells.

The Duffing equation containing a cubic nonlinearity is probably the most popular example of a nonlinear oscillator. For its harmonically excited, slightly damped, and softening version, stationary large amplitude solutions at subcritical excitation frequencies are obtained when standard semi-analytical methods like Harmonic Balance or Perturbation Analysis are applied. These solutions have the shape of a nose in the amplitude-frequency diagram. In prior work, it has been observed that these solutions may contain large errors and that high ansatz orders may be necessary when applying the Harmonic Balance or other semi-analytical methods to make them converge. Some of these solutions are observed to be asymptotically stable, while in most cases, they are unstable. The current paper aims to give a descriptive explanation for this behavior of the nose solutions, which is mainly related to the exact solution of the free undamped vibrations. Based on this, approximations of the nose solutions are calculated with a procedure combining properties of Perturbation Analysis and Harmonic Balance. Therein, the exact solution of the free undamped vibrations is taken as the zeroth approximation, while higher-order solution parts are calculated by balancing the harmonics, and the phase shift of the zeroth approximation is calculated by a residuum minimization. This method just requires the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations, while systems of nonlinear algebraic equations have to be solved in the case of directly applying Harmonic Balance.

The fiber volume fraction significantly influences the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. However, accurate measurements can be particularly challenging in natural-fiber-reinforced polymers. This study compared indirect methods using gravimetric and volumetric measurements with a U-Net-based direct method using micro-CT images for flax-fiber-reinforced polymers made via compression molding at 2.33–13.5 bar. A notable discrepancy was observed between the direct and indirect methods, with the latter yielding a fiber volume fraction approximately 25% lower than what could be determined optically. This difference arose from the matrix being absorbed by the fibers, resulting in a mixed region between dry fiber and pure matrix, further explained using a four-phase model. Our findings indicate that the volume fraction depended on the applied pressure. Specifically, we established a linear relationship between the fiber volume fraction and the pressure up to 9.4 bar, beyond which the fiber volume fraction plateaued. Furthermore, we examined the impact of void distribution in relation to pressure. At lower pressures, voids were distributed irregularly throughout the composite, whereas at higher pressures, the overall number of voids decreased, and they tended to concentrate primarily in the center.

Local disasters such as the Ahr Valley flood in Germany, the international backdrop of the Russo-Ukrainian War, or the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic place high demands on the people and organisations that are involved in these situations and contexts to save lives, mitigate damage, provide comfort, or organise reconstruction. Novel technologies are constantly making their way into everyday life, such as artificial intelligence, big data, decentralised networks, internet of things, or virtual reality. Their adaptation, acceptance, usability, usefulness, and legal framework conditions for safety-critical systems must be researched and tested thoroughly. In this special issue, we investigate the use of computer-based solutions in areas and situations of direct relevance to people’s lives and well-being (Usable Safety), as well as contributions to user-oriented resilience concepts of sociotechnical systems concerning potential attacks (Usable Security) and data protection mechanisms (Usable Privacy).

With the commitment of more and more universities to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, standardizing the modeling is now becoming urgent. To date, published climate-relevant emissions can be based on completely different and incomparable accounting methods, as shown with results between 6 and 2696 t CO2e for the use phase of the same campus. This article aims to identify, compare, and evaluate the different modeling approaches behind this. For this purpose, this article proposes basic attributes of emissions modeling and reporting. Of the three established approaches to emissions accounting, sector logic (territorial carbon accounting) produces the lowest figures. Reporting in accordance with the greenhouse gas protocol, which has become established worldwide, can also shift the responsibility outside the institutional consumer. Life-cycle assessment, instead, essentially includes provision costs triggered by the consumer. The different modeling approaches also overlap with different coverage of emission sources, for which a standard set is being proposed. Such emissions modeling should finally lead to the determination of university-specific climate performances, i.e., the CO2e emissions per capita and per m2 of gross floor area. Infrastructure and procurement expenses must be recorded in addition and converted to an annual average.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and effects of a sensorimotor stabilization exercise intervention with and without behavioral treatment in nonspecific low back pain. Design: A three-armed multicenter randomized controlled trial. Setting: Five study sites across Germany (3 orthopedic university outpatient clinics, 1 university sports medicine department, and 1 clinical institution). Participants: Six hundred and sixty-two volunteers (N=662) (59% females, age 39±13y) with low back pain. Interventions: Sensorimotor training (SMT), sensorimotor training with behavioral therapy (SMT+BT), and usual care group (UCG; continuation of the already ongoing individual treatment regime). Intervention groups performed a 12-week (3wk center-based, 9wk home-based) program. Main Outcome Measures: Adherence, dropout rates, adverse events, and intervention effects on pain intensity, disability, and trunk torque (gain scores, repeated measures analysis of variance, α-level<0.05). Results: In total, 220 participants received SMT, 222 received SMT+BT, and 170 were analyzed as UCG. Dropout rates were 10% for SMT and SMT+BT at week 3, 31% and 30% at week 4, and 49% and 50% at week 12. Adherence rates above 80% were reached in both interventions; 134 adverse events occurred. Intervention effects compared to UCG were found for pain intensity (SMT, P=.011, effect size d=0.41), disability (SMT+BT, P=.020, d=0.41), and peak torque (SMT, P=.045, d=0.38; SMT+BT, P=.019, d=0.44), with overall small effect sizes. Conclusions: Participants were highly adherent to the sensorimotor exercise, but showed increased dropout rates, particularly during home-based training. Both interventions proved to be feasible, and although only SMT showed an increased effect on pain intensity compared to UCG, the SMT+BT showed positive effects on disability. Both interventions led to increases in strength, indicative of a neuromuscular adaptation.

Background: Psychoeducation positively influences the psychological components of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in conventional treatments. The digitalization of health care has led to the discussion of virtual reality (VR) interventions. However, CLBP treatments in VR have some limitations due to full immersion. In comparison, augmented reality (AR) supplements the real world with virtual elements involving one’s own body sensory perception and can combine conventional and VR approaches. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the state of research on the treatment of CLBP through psychoeducation, including immersive technologies, and to formulate suggestions for psychoeducation in AR for CLBP. Methods: A scoping review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed in August 2024 by using Livivo ZB MED, PubMed, Web of Science, American Psychological Association PsycINFO (PsycArticle), and PsyArXiv Preprints databases. A qualitative content analysis of the included studies was conducted based on 4 deductively extracted categories. Results: We included 12 studies published between 2019 and 2024 referring to conventional and VR-based psychoeducation for CLBP treatment, but no study referred to AR. In these studies, educational programs were combined with physiotherapy, encompassing content on pain biology, psychological education, coping strategies, and relaxation techniques. The key outcomes were pain intensity, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, degree of disability, quality of life, well-being, self-efficacy, depression, attrition rate, and user experience. Passive, active, and gamified strategies were used to promote intrinsic motivation from a psychological point of view. Regarding user experience from a software development perspective, user friendliness, operational support, and application challenges were recommended. Conclusions: For the development of a framework for an AR-based psychoeducational intervention for CLBP, the combination of theories of acceptance and use of technologies with insights from health psychological behavior change theories appears to be of great importance. An example of a theory-based design of a psychoeducation intervention in AR for CLBP is proposed and discussed.

This study explores consumer ethnocentrism (CET), distinguishing between Hard Ethnocentrism (HET) and Soft Ethnocentrism (SET), and their impact on Purchase Intentions (PIN), with gender as a moderating variable. Data from 372 Latin American native consumers were collected via an electronic survey, and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Multigroup Analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that HET does not significantly influence PIN, while SET positively impacts it. Additionally, gender differences in ethnocentrism levels were identified. This study is the first to examine consumers who stay in their native countries rather than emigrate, offering novel insights into international marketing strategies. By aligning with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), marketers can foster positive perceptions, eliminate perceived barriers, and create impactful, gender-sensitive campaigns that resonate, particularly with female audiences.

This article aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the evolution of human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), tracing their historical development to the ongoing monitoring initiatives today. As we delve into the core of the discussion, a critical examination will be conducted to assess the alignment between the SDGs and human rights. The focal point will be a nuanced exploration of whether these two frameworks are in sync or if there are discernible deviations and potential conflicts of goals between them. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, the SDGs will be systematically categorized into distinct clusters, enabling a clearer illustration of their compatibility or divergence from human rights principles. By breaking down the SDGs into specific thematic areas, we aim to shed light on both the areas where alignment is evident and those where disparities with human rights may exist. This comparative approach seeks to enhance our understanding of the interconnectedness and potential tensions between the SDGs and human rights. Moreover, the exploration will not only highlight the points of convergence but also delve into the complexities of ensuring a harmonious coexistence between these two vital frameworks. By examining the interplay of human rights principles with the diverse goals encapsulated within the SDGs, this article endeavors to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the broader implications for global development and social justice. In summary, this expanded article aspires to offer readers a more detailed exploration of the interrelationships between human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals, navigating through the clusters of SDGs to unveil areas of agreement and potential divergence. Through this analysis, we seek to foster a deeper appreciation for the complexities of aligning diverse global goals with fundamental principles of human dignity and equality.

The goal of this contribution is to provide an overview of the conceptual connections between the constructs of human rights, sustainability, and democracy, emphasizing the historically significant role of human dignity. This overview serves as an overarching introduction to the students’ articles in Chapter One, which explore selected relationships between these concepts. One main assumption of this overview is that the concept of human dignity is central to the institution of human rights, and human rights are instrumental in ensuring human dignity. Another key assumption relates to democracy, which is viewed as the framework for shaping human dignity, human rights, and sustainability. This article first focuses on the relationship between sustainability and democracy. It then analyzes the links between human dignity and human rights, followed by a discussion on the connections between human dignity and sustainability, and between human rights and sustainability. Finally, it concludes with an examination of the triangle formed by human dignity, human rights, and sustainability within the context of democracy, emphasizing the crucial roles of human agency and the rights of nature. Clarifying these links is essential for future empirical research to develop specific practical recommendations for sustainability transformation, including human rights, within a democratic context.

The achievement of sustainable development hinges on safeguarding the environment, preserving natural resources, and fostering economic growth that is intricately linked with responsible resource utilization. In simpler terms, sustainable development is contingent upon maintaining environmental sustainability. Conversely, Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need for global peace, justice, and robust institutions, aiming to uphold the rule of law and facilitate access to justice on a worldwide scale. Addressing environmental conflicts is an integral facet of environmental sustainability and a crucial component of ensuring access to justice. The escalating environmental challenges stemming from the relentless growth of the global population and the insufficient global adoption of renewable energy resources have significantly impacted the environment, leading to a corresponding surge in environmental conflicts. Given the considerable diversity in the judicial systems of nations worldwide and the often inefficacious nature of these systems, there arises a pressing need to reconsider and reconstruct effective alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, especially concerning their role in environmental conflicts. However, it is essential to acknowledge that Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR) come with their own set of barriers and drawbacks. This paper delves into a comprehensive examination and analysis of the role played by ADR methods in addressing environmental disputes. It assesses the effectiveness of these methods and conducts research to identify the factors that contribute to their success or failure.

In recent years, a paradigm shift in environmental ethics has given rise to a groundbreaking concept granting legal rights to nature itself. As the global community grapples with escalating environmental challenges, select nations have taken unprecedented steps to acknowledge nature as a subject with inherent rights, transcending the conventional view of the environment as mere property. This term paper dives into the evolving landscape of environmental jurisprudence by exploring the inclusion of nature's rights in the constitutional frameworks of Ecuador, Bolivia, New Zealand, Colombia and India. Through a comparative analysis of these distinct cases, we unravel the diverse approaches these countries have adopted to recognize and protect the rights of nature, examining the legal, cultural, and ecological implications of this transformative concept. From the constitutional enshrinement of Pachamama's rights in Ecuador to the legal personification of the Whanganui River in New Zealand, this paper sheds light on the global movement for the rights of nature and its potential impact on environmental conservation and societal harmony.

The paper, written by Maxi-Mercedes Jahn, is in particular about the use of glyphosate as the unique pesticide product provided for aerial aspersion. She discusses the forced eradication of more than 800 thousand hectares of coca in Colombia in 10 years, between 2012 and 2022, while discussing the reasons behind an increase in cultivation during this period. Circumstances may be dynamic, but the lack of state presence and for an effective land distribution have been some of the determinants to this problem. In 2019, drug trafficking revenues reached 31 billion of Colombian pesos, or 2.9 percent of the GDP. The business has remained healthy and thriving. Yet, the glyphosate supporters remain firm. Literature review reveals a lack of significant scientific debate on the efficacy of glyphosate as the best method for eradicating coca plantations. The use of glyphosate raises not only environmental concerns but also geopolitical issues, affecting conflict resolution and peacebuilding attempts. Coca cultivation is a viable business, it offers benefits such as more frequent harvests and reliable markets, enabling farmers to improve their income and living conditions in a relatively short term. Unlike other crops, coca does not require formal and legal export market. For example, while 14 kilos of Chontaduro (palm tree fruit) earn about 30 thousand Colombian pesos, a kilo of coca paste can cost 2 million pesos. This disparity highlights why substitution schemes are ineffective when drug revenues far exceed legal alternatives. The author’s insights into these often-overlooked factors contribute significantly to the discussion. She also addresses the Colombia-FARC peace agreement, which included comprehensive crop substitution policies, but progress has been minimal. It can even be said that increase in coca cultivation directly correlates with unmet agreement commitments. As well as other issues that are highlighted in the paper. The author notes that cartels have developed new methods to produce more cocaine with fewer plants, complicating government efforts. It also discusses the impact of technological advancements and the political complexities behind eradication policies. Back to the glyphosate issue, which it thorough in the paper, it mentioned that glyphosate negatively impacts that are usually not reported in mainstream media, like destroying soil organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae, which are crucial for soil health and fertility. Farmers have reported adverse effects from glyphosate, including skin irritations that lead to permanent scars and vision problems. Reports also indicate that some farmers were mistakenly targeted during glyphosate applications, leading to the loss of their crops and livelihoods. This discussion underscores how the use of glyphosate, while intended for public health purposes, infringes on human rights and affects the lives of those in the impacted areas. Finally, the author makes a really interesting survey through the German Basic Law referring a few lessons for the Colombian case. The constitution orders the state to protect natural resources and life through prevention of harm, defense against threats, and risk assessment. The author highlights the balloon effect, linking deforestation, cattle ranching, coca production, violence, and displacement. More interestingly, she describes how glyphosate use exacerbates soil exhaustion and raises agricultural costs due to increased fertilizer and pesticide use. Additionally, she provides compelling information stating that spraying one hectare of coca can cost more than 50 thousand Colombian pesos, suggesting deeper issues, such as the influence of glyphosate producers in the overall transaction. The author concludes that broader goals of social justice, environmental stewardship, and sustainable rural development are needed. However, the discussion leaves unresolved questions about the environmental impact of glyphosate use. It emphasizes that the relationship between communities and their environment is complex, involving diverse, interdependent processes that go beyond the immediate effects of eradication efforts.

With her paper "Artisanal fisheries in circumstances with political framework and co-management" Dorothea Hensing discusses the high productivity of pelagic fish in the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem (HCLME) and how it is impacted by factors such as acidification and oxygen depletion due to global warming. This ecosystem, rich in marine life, faces significant challenges exacerbated by extreme weather events like El Niño and La Niña, profoundly impact the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen, creating economic instability. Despite these adversities, artisanal fisheries remain crucial contributors to Peru‘s GDP. However, their sustainability and financial stability are compromised by various factors, including the lack of institutional support and the prevalence of informal practices within the industry. Informality permeates aspects such as labor relations and vessel construction, consequently affecting workers' rights, their financial stability and rendering them vulnerable. Fishing communities, such as the one in Chorillos, are complex socio-ecological systems reliant on social capital, but they are susceptible to external influences. Political dimensions further complicate the scenario, necessitating the establishment of effective co-management mechanisms, artisanal fisheries' inclusion in decision-making processes, a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem threats, and policy reforms to address informality. The author demonstrates the importance of strengthening governance and decision-making processes to address institutional flaws and protect the marine ecosystems and livelihoods of artisanal fishermen in Peru.

Over forty years ago, physicist and deep ecologist Capra indicated: "Ecosystems sustain themselves in a dynamic balance based on cycles and fluctuations, which are nonlinear processes. Linear enterprises, such as indefinite economic and technological growth will necessarily interfere with the natural balance and, sooner or later, will cause severe damage. Ecological awareness, then, will arise only when we combine our rational knowledge with an intuition for the nonlinear nature of our environment. Such intuitive wisdom is characteristic of traditional, non-literate cultures, [...] in which life was organized around a highly refined awareness of environment." Since then, natural ecosystems are being pushed beyond their limits with human societies confronting unprecedented challenges like climate change, species extinctions and pollution. Various approaches like ecological restoration, conservation, renewable energies and car sequestration have been deployed to tackle the global ecological crisis. Yet, a crucial element remains largely overlooked: integrating local and traditional ecological knowledge as well as indigenous perspectives with modern western science to foster environmentally sustainable solutions. This student research paper explores how the concept of traditional ecological knowledge is defined in science, law and policy literatures and what contribution place-based communities such as the artisanal fishery of Chorrillos can serve for improving cooperative environmental and natural resources management. The method applied aims to evaluate existing literature, synthesizing ideas, and critically analyzing the status quo. Subsequently, the paper will provide recommendations for integrating ecological traditional knowledge in legal frameworks and practice through sound policy aimed at sustainable development.

In the last decades, the development of the rights of nature has become a significant issue in various parts of the world. This emerging approach views nature not only as a resource for human use, but as a value in its own right that must be protected and respected. Over the last years the discussion about a rights for nature have also increased in Germany. This paper takes a look at the current state of the debate on natural rights in Germany. The first part gives an overview about the current status of natural rights all over the world. The second part deals with the rights of nature in Germany and how these have developed in recent years, for example through the citizens' initiative in Bavaria, which addresses the rights of nature and makes them the subject of a referendum. The third part deals with the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court. This decision in March 2021 on the issue of climate protection marked a significant milestone in the context of the global climate crisis and finally the class action lawsuit.

The following collection of manuscripts emerged from an interdisciplinary virtual exchange held during the Winter semester of 2023/2024 at the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, organized by Prof. Dr. Milena Valeva and Prof. Dr. Kathrin Nitschmann. Additionally, Prof. Dr. Héctor Bombiella Medina, a lecturer of anthropology in the Department of World Languages and Cultures at Iowa State University, contributed to the virtual exchange and supervised case studies 3 and 4, bringing his extensive experience in this field and facilitating the international exchange. Within the elective module on Human Rights, students from the Bachelor's programs "Nonprofit and NGO Management" and "Environmental and Business Law," as well as the Master's program "Energy and Corporate Law," explored the interconnections between human rights and sustainability. In an era marked by unprecedented environmental challenges and profound social transformations, the intersection of human rights and the rights of nature has emerged as a critical area of inquiry and debate. Today, as we face the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, the traditional boundaries between human and environmental rights are increasingly blurred. This confluence demands a fresh, interdisciplinary approach to understanding and addressing the complex and interrelated issues at hand. Human rights, fundamental to the dignity and freedom of individuals, are deeply impacted by environmental degradation. Communities worldwide are experiencing firsthand the devastating effects of polluted air, contaminated water, and deforested landscapes, all of which undermine basic human rights to health, livelihood, and well-being. Conversely, recognizing the rights of nature — the intrinsic value of ecosystems and species — challenges us to reconsider our legal, ethical, and philosophical frameworks. It calls for a paradigm shift from a view to one that embraces the interconnectedness of all life forms. Engaging in robust discussions and research on these topics is essential in today's context. By exploring interdisciplinary perspectives, we can forge innovative solutions that honor both the rights of individuals and the integrity of nature. This special issue aims to contribute to this vital discourse, providing insights and fostering dialogue on how we can collectively navigate the complex landscape of human rights and environmental sustainability. The first chapter „Human rights and SDGs in the context of democracy“ examines the significance of international human rights in today's context and links them to new value systems like sustainability. The second chapter, the case study „Rights of Nature“ explores the concept of granting legal rights to nature itself by comparing laws from various countries to show how it combats environmental exploitation. The third chapter, the case study „Traditional coca leaf consumption and drug trafficking in Colombia“ delves into the complex issues surrounding coca cultivation in Colombia, highlighting its economic, social, and political impacts. The fourth chapter, the case study „The artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos, Peru“ aims to provide theoretical insights and recommendations for improving the livelihoods of artisanal fishing communities in Peru, considering legal, ethical, and environmental perspectives as well as how economic liberalization, privatization, and deregulation affect the community's socio-economic conditions. Content: CHAPTER 1 - Conceptual: Human rights and SDGs in the context of democracy Milena Valeva: From Human Dignity and Human Rights to Sustainability within the context of Democracy Yannick Sebastian Wagner: The relationship between the SDGs, human rights, and Catholicism in the United States, on health-related issues Christine Wetter: Comparison of Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals Jacob Mayer: The challenges and opportunities of liberal democracies in promoting international value systems Pauline Nicolay: Effective conflict resolution through ADRs: opportunities, challenges and applications in different contexts CHAPTER 2 - Case Study: Rights of Nature Kathrin Nitschmann: Ecology and the protection of fundamental rights: status quo and development potential in the light of the precautionary principle" Johannes Hagemann: Decoding the Environmental Crisis: A Historical Analysis of Human-Nature Relationships Sahar Mallak: Rights for Nature in selected states Nergiz Dogan: Rights for Nature in Germany CHAPTER 3 - Case Study: Traditional coca leaf consumption and drug trafficking in Colombia Héctor Andrés Bombiella Medina: Prologue Cara-Maxine Heyd: Affected Human Rights by the destruction of coca plantations Maxi-Mercedes Jahn: Glyphosat[e] use in line with the peace policy Colombia Daniel Förster: Coca Cultivation in Colombian Economy – Considering the 2007 US-Colombian Free Trade Agreement CHAPTER 4 - Case Study: The artisanal fishing community of Chorrillos Peru Dorothea Hensing: Artisanal fisheries in circumstances with political framework and comanagement Nina Giordano: Traditional ecological knowledge – a key element of sustainable development Yasmin Krami: Strategy to promote the Human Right to an adequate standard of living for Peruvian artisanal fishers according to Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Schools are complex physical and social institutions within national education systems. They account for significant energy consumption and like other buildings can demonstrate inefficient patterns of energy use. Poor energy performance of educational facilities is an intricate issue driven by complex causality of interconnected and dynamic factors. Addressing this issue requires a systemic approach, which is heretofore lacking. The aim of this research is to present and describe a systemic framework to facilitate energy reduction in schools across different European contexts. This transdisciplinary approach to sustainable energy use has been piloted in 13 post-primary schools located in six countries in northwest Europe. The research implements a series of planned activities and interventions, which help to unveil a systemic approach to improving energy efficiency in schools. The findings demonstrate how this approach, together with its ensuing methodologies and strategies, can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and improve knowledge and awareness around sustainable energy.

Model transformations are central to model-driven software development. Applications of model transformations include creating models, handling model co-evolution, model merging, and understanding model evolution. In the past, various (semi-)automatic approaches to derive model transformations from meta-models or from examples have been proposed. These approaches require time-consuming handcrafting or the recording of concrete examples, or they are unable to derive complex transformations. We propose a novel unsupervised approach, called Ockham, which is able to learn edit operations from model histories in model repositories. Ockham is based on the idea that meaningful domain-specific edit operations are the ones that compress the model differences. It employs frequent subgraph mining to discover frequent structures in model difference graphs. We evaluate our approach in two controlled experiments and one real-world case study of a large-scale industrial model-driven architecture project in the railway domain. We found that our approach is able to discover frequent edit operations that have actually been applied before. Furthermore, Ockham is able to extract edit operations that are meaningful—in the sense of explaining model differences through the edit operations they comprise—to practitioners in an industrial setting. We also discuss use cases (i.e., semantic lifting of model differences and change profiles) for the discovered edit operations in this industrial setting. We find that the edit operations discovered by Ockham can be used to better understand and simulate the evolution of models.

Terrestrial cyanobacteria grow as phototrophic biofilms and offer a wide spectrum of interesting products. For cultivation of phototrophic biofilms different reactor concepts have been developed in the last years. One of the main influencing factors is the surface material and the adhesion strength of the chosen production strain. In this work a flow chamber was developed, in which, in combination with optical coherence tomography and computational fluid dynamics simulation, an easy analysis of adhesion forces between different biofilms and varied surface materials is possible. Hereby, differences between two cyanobacteria strains and two surface materials were shown. With longer cultivation time of biofilms adhesion increased in all experiments. Additionally, the content of extracellular polymeric substances was analyzed and its role in surface adhesion was evaluated. To test the comparability of obtained results from the flow chamber with other methods, analogous experiments were conducted with a rotational rheometer, which proved to be successful. Thus, with the presented flow chamber an easy to implement method for analysis of biofilm adhesion was developed, which can be used in future research for determination of suitable combinations of microorganisms with cultivation surfaces on lab scale in advance of larger processes.

Background: Physiotherapy education and practice have country-specific peculiarities which may limit globalization in health care. This study aimed to characterize physiotherapy practice and treatment preferences, educational qualifications, and research in Nigeria, with a view of providing vital information for transnational integration and collaboration. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 104 Nigerian physiotherapists was conducted. The Physical Therapy Practice Questionnaire and a self-developed proforma were used as survey tools. Results: The mean age of respondents was 33.5 ± 9.4 years. About two-fifth of all respondents (39.4%) had an MSc and mostly practice as clinicians (51.0%) in teaching hospitals (34.6%). The respondents were mostly involved in general practice (50.0%), with a caseload of 1–10 patients per day (67.3%). Soft tissue mobilization (83%), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (76%), breathing exercises (77%), and transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation (83%) were commonly used. Respondents were familiar databases and evidence-based resources (81.2%) and mostly utilize PubMed (73.3%). Regular case conferences with professional colleagues (47.6%) and treatment planning of between 11 and 30 min (40.6%) were common. Educators spend 1–3 h planning educational work (91.8%). Clinical decision-making is mostly based on professional experience, while journals are the primary resource for educational information. Conclusion: Physiotherapy practice in Nigeria is degree based and requires registration board’s licensure. Practitioners deal with a high caseload and utilize a wide range of techniques and modalities and have tendencies to utilize personal experience and research in making clinical decisions. The parity in education and practice with advanced climes inadvertently gives physiotherapy practice in Nigeria a global purview.

The objective of the German non-profit association NFDI (German short form for ”National Research Data Infrastructure”) is to make the data stock of the entire German science system accessible to the public. To do so, it should involve all stakeholders. However, currently the Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) are underrepresented in the NFDI, and there is a danger of neglecting their needs. Therefore, we present the project ”Research Data Management at Universities of Applied Sciences in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate” (FDM@HAW.rlp), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and financed within the Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union. In the project, seven public UAS in Rhineland-Palatinate and the Catholic University of Applied Sciences (CUAS) Mainz follow a common goal: They intend to establish an institutional RDM within a period of three years by building up competencies at the UAS, setting up services for researchers and finding solutions for a common technical infrastructure.