57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (12)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (12)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- nein (12)
Schlagworte
- Biodiversität (4)
- Biomonitoring (3)
- Insekten (3)
- Europa (2)
- Klimaänderung (2)
- LTER (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- insect monitoring (2)
- ALAN (1)
- Aguascalientes (Staat) (1)
- Art (1)
- Bartak (1)
- Bestäuber (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Bioklima (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenorganismus (1)
- Bodentemperatur (1)
- Cyanobakterien (1)
- EBV (1)
- Europe (1)
- Falle (1)
- Fermentation (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Fungizid (1)
- Gyrus temporalis (1)
- Hemisphäre <Anatomie> (1)
- Herbizid (1)
- Hirnareal (1)
- LC50 (1)
- Letalität (1)
- Lichtverschmutzung (1)
- Linke Hemisphäre (1)
- Lufttemperatur (1)
- Läsion (1)
- Malaise trap (1)
- Mediterranean region (1)
- Messung (1)
- Metaanalyse (1)
- Meteorologische Station (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- Mikroklima (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- Modell (1)
- Naturschutz (1)
- Paramecium caudatum (1)
- Pflanzenkohle (1)
- Pflanzliches Insektizid (1)
- Photoreaktor (1)
- Rapid Prototyping <Fertigung> (1)
- Rädertiere (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Sporenbildung (1)
- Substantia alba (1)
- Townes (1)
- Toxizität (1)
- Toxizitätstest (1)
- Umweltdaten (1)
- VLSM (1)
- Verdauung (1)
- Vergleich (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Wasserfloh (1)
- Wassertiere (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- active learning (1)
- acute toxicity test (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- aquatic subsidies (1)
- arithmetic fact retrieval (1)
- bioactive substances (1)
- biocarriers (1)
- bioclimatic variables (1)
- biofilm (1)
- bioreactor internals (1)
- botanical fungicides (1)
- botanical herbicides (1)
- botanical insecticides (1)
- climate change (1)
- connectivity (1)
- conservation (1)
- cross-ecosystem (1)
- disconnectome (1)
- ecological gradients (1)
- ecological niche models (1)
- elutriate (1)
- enzymatic/mechanic digestion (1)
- fungal growth (1)
- fungal pellets (1)
- global maps (1)
- hazardous substances (1)
- insect communities (1)
- insects (1)
- interstitial water (1)
- land cover (1)
- lesion mapping (1)
- light pollution (1)
- local biodiversity (1)
- long‐term ecosystem research (1)
- malaise trap (1)
- mechanism of action (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- microclimate (1)
- model evaluation (1)
- monitoring (1)
- near-surface temperatures (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- pollinator (1)
- predator-prey (1)
- repeated-batch fermentation (1)
- research infrastructure (1)
- site networks (1)
- soil temperature (1)
- soil-dwelling organisms (1)
- sporulation conditions (1)
- temperature offset (1)
- terrestrial cyanobacteria (1)
- thermal performance (1)
- trap selectivity (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- weather stations (1)
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.