Yannick Wagner

• [AI generated:] This article explores the cultural dependencies and symbolic nature of the Rights of Nature (RoN) within the context of the European Union (EU). It argues that the successful implementation of RoN in regions like New Zealand and Ecuador is deeply rooted in indigenous cultural perspectives, which contrast sharply with the anthropocentric legal frameworks prevalent in Western industrialized nations. The article highlights how the recognition of non-human entities as legal subjects in these countries is often a socio-political strategy rather than a genuine shift towards ecocentrism. The case of illegal gold mining in Ecuador exemplifies the ongoing dominance of anthropocentric perspectives, where economic interests frequently undermine environmental protections. In contrast, the EU's approach to environmental justice is shaped by a lack of indigenous populations and the complexities of transposing EU law into national legislation. The EU primarily focuses on ecosystem services, emphasizing the necessity of environmental protection for human survival rather than granting rights to nature. This anthropocentric viewpoint is further reflected in societal attitudes towards environmental policies, where fears of economic disadvantage and social conflict hinder acceptance of transformative measures. The article concludes that the global community is at a historic crossroads regarding ecological transformation, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches to avoid social resistance. In cultures where the protection of natural entities aligns with spiritual beliefs, RoN could be beneficial if implemented meaningfully. However, in EU countries where spirituality is diminishing and indigenous populations are scarce, adopting RoN may risk alienating the public and exacerbating political divisions. Therefore, enhancing existing environmental legislation is crucial to foster trust in its effectiveness and fairness, ensuring that vulnerable populations are not disproportionately affected.