TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guldner, Achim
A1  - Bender, Rabea
A1  - Calero, Coral
A1  - Fernando, Giovanni S.
A1  - Funke, Markus
A1  - Gröger, Jens
A1  - Hilty, Lorenz M.
A1  - Hörnschemeyer, Julian
A1  - Hoffmann, Geerd-Dietger
A1  - Junger, Dennis
A1  - Kennes, Tom
A1  - Kreten, Sandro
A1  - Lago, Patricia
A1  - Mai, Franziska
A1  - Malavolta, Ivano
A1  - Murach, Julien
A1  - Obergöker, Kira
A1  - Schmidt, Benno
A1  - Tarara, Arne
A1  - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P.
A1  - Weber, Sebastian
A1  - Westing, Max
A1  - Wohlgemuth, Volker
A1  - Naumann, Stefan
T1  - Development and evaluation of a reference measurement model for assessing the resource and energy efficiency of software products and components — Green Software Measurement Model (GSMM)
T2  - Future Generation Computer Systems
N2  - In the past decade, research on measuring and assessing the environmental impact of software has gained significant momentum in science and industry. However, due to the large number of research groups, measurement setups, procedure models, tools, and general novelty of the research area, a comprehensive research framework has yet to be created. The literature documents several approaches from researchers and practitioners who have developed individual methods and models, along with more general ideas like the integration of software sustainability in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, or science communication approaches to make the resource cost of software transparent to society. However, a reference measurement model for the energy and resource consumption of software is still missing. In this article, we jointly develop the Green Software Measurement Model (GSMM), in which we bring together the core ideas of the measurement models, setups, and methods of over 10 research groups in four countries who have done pioneering work in assessing the environmental impact of software. We briefly describe the different methods and models used by these research groups, derive the components of the GSMM from them, and then we discuss and evaluate the resulting reference model. By categorizing the existing measurement models and procedures and by providing guidelines for assimilating and tailoring existing methods, we expect this work to aid new researchers and practitioners who want to conduct measurements for their individual use cases.
KW  - Measurement reference model
KW  - Green software
KW  - Sustainable software
KW  - Energy-efficient software
KW  - Green coding
KW  - Software-induced energy consumption
KW  - Software-induced resource consumption
KW  - Software
KW  - Nachhaltigkeit
KW  - Green-IT
KW  - Energieeffizienz
KW  - Ressourceneffizienz
KW  - Energieverbrauch
Y1  - 2024
UR  - https://hst.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/991
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:tr5-9914
VL  - 155
SP  - 402
EP  - 418
PB  - Elsevier
ER  -